japanese censorship laws change 2021

In 2021, Japan faces some of the biggest social, political, and economic changes of a lifetime. In the future, says one pundit, that will change. Heightened awareness of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images and online harassment culminated in the adoption of a law criminalizing such activity in 2014. Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic and its toll on everyday life, the country has transitioned to new political leadership. In January 2021, the revised Copyright Act, which criminalizes the downloading of unlicensed manga, magazines, and academic publications, took effect. and the online organization of large demonstrations and protests against nuclear energy. Donald Trump's claim that his anti-BDS order "targets antisemitism" was presented as fact in the New York Times headline ( 12/10/19 . Happily, if history is a guide, this accelerating spread of censorship will. Glad to see Japanese publishers standing up to Western companies. Sagamihara City is also planning to enact a criminal ordinance that would target hate speech against members of specific ethnic or racial groups in 2021.18 the change was expected to allow tourists who were supposed to visit Japan during the 2020 Summer Olympics to more easily access mobile services.10. A Myanmar citizen has filed a complaint at the Norwegian Data Protection Authority against Telenor Group under Article 77(1) of the European Union . The society at large prefers harmony, and people avoid criticizing the role of Japans emperor, especially when connected with historical events like World War II. Japanese man arrested for stealing women's shoes and replacing them with new ones; Japanese office disaster: man pees in drink bottle of woman coworker because "he liked her" Japanese Twitter reacts to Logan Paul's "Japanese Suicide Forest" video; Man travels 100 kilometers in middle of the night in Japan to punch another dude in . A 2014 law addressed the issue of content removal and intimate images shared without consent (see B2 and C2). Does the online information landscape lack diversity and reliability? Japan is primarily a civil law country, and the United States is primarily a common law country. The reporting claimed that the government deployed a clandestine online surveillance program, dubbed MALLARD, to observe communications passing between satellites.16 Facebook reported 66 government requests involving 82 accounts between July and December 2020. In addition, individuals who knowingly receive secrets from an administrative organ risk up to five years imprisonment if the disclosures are found to be intentional, and one year for disclosures made through negligence.1 Are there legal, regulatory, or economic obstacles that restrict the diversity of service providers? Washington, DC 20036, Scores are based on a scale of 0 (least free) to 100 (most free). While cyberattacks against journalists and activists are rare, private companies have been targeted in previous coverage periods. Some tabloid newspapers and online news outlets have reportedly harassed journalists who disagreed with the government more broadly.4, Women also continue to face targeted online harassment. In April 2019, the Macnica Networks Corporation, an information-technology trading firm, stated that groups reportedly connected to China were suspected of targeting private companies; it cited alleged efforts by Chinese cyberespionage group APT10 to hack Japanese defense companies in 2018.6, In January 2020, the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation disclosed that that it experienced massive cyberattacks in June 2019. There are periodic reports of arrests under the copyright law, which carries possible prison terms for both uploading and downloading content without the permission of the copyright owner (see C2). Under the guidelines, anyone can report material that infringes directly on their personal rights to the service provider, either to have it removed or to find out who posted it. Cybersecurity efforts ramped up ahead of the summer Olympics, which were originally planned for 2020, particularly around internet of things (IoT) devices.1, In October 2020, the UK National Cyber Security Centre revealed that Russian military intelligence was planning a cyberattack on the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in the summer of 2021 in an attempt to disrupt the event.2 However, in October of 2012, the Japanese government stated that Article 23(1) was abolished and, therefore, same-sex . The original case was brought after a 2010 leak of police documents revealed that Muslims were subject to widespread monitoring for possible terrorist activity. In March 2020, the government approved a revision of the Copyright Act, criminalizing the downloading of unlicensed manga, magazines, and academic publications with a prison term of up to two years, a fine of 2 million ($18,000), or both. Germany, which has. According to a survey conducted by international security firm CrowdStrike, a little more than half of the 200 largest Japanese companies, including Honda, Canon, Citizen Watch and Asunaro Aoki Construction, have been hit by ransomware cyberattacks, and 33 companies have paid an average of 123 million ($1.12 million) to criminal networks to prevent their password-protected data from leaks. In May 2021, the NICT released a summary of NOTICE-related activities, disclosing that it attempted to access 112 million IP addresses, and that the NOTICE alert detected 1,817 targets and notified service providers.6, The conspiracy law passed in 2017 raised the possibility of more government surveillance. politicians who violate the existing restrictions face a potential fine of 300,000 ($2,720) or one year in prison; imprisonment would strip perpetrators of their right to vote or run for office. In February 2021, weekly news magazine Shukan Bunshun reported that NTT's president and other executives had repeatedly treated officials from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, including Deputy Director General Yasuhiko Taniwaki, to lavish dinners.6 Some observers said this was an attempt to control public discourse, though deletions were not widespread. Digital activism in Japan has been highly effective at both the local and the national level, and online mobilization tools are freely available. Due in part to strong infrastructure, internet access is widely available to users in Japan. Are websites, governmental and private entities, service providers, or individual users subject to widespread hacking and other forms of cyberattack? and Japan Airlines changed its dress code, allowing female flight attendants to wear pants and flat shoes.6, Four civil society organizations, J-ALL, Athlete Ally, All Out, and Human Rights Watch jointly called for online signatures for a petition calling for the government to adopt legislation that protects members of the LGBT+ community from discrimination; the petition, which was submitted to the LDP in March 2021, had over 40,000 signatures from Japanese individuals.7 Does the government exercise technical or legal control over internet infrastructure for the purposes of restricting connectivity? Analysis of about half a million sample tweets posted before and after Japan's 2014 general election revealed that most posts were near-duplicates or retweets of those posted by bots, including many that disseminated nationalist or progovernment messages.3 In February 2019, the NICT, under the MIC, launched the NOTICE program,4 482-FZ on Amendments to the Federal Law on Enforcement Actions Regarding Persons Involved in Violations of Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms and the Rights and Freedoms of the Russian Federation Citizens. There are still limits on paid online advertising and campaign emails, which can only be sent directly by a party or candidatenot a supporterin a measure designed to prevent fraud.8 Blogs have a significant impact on public opinion, and several independent journalists are becoming influential through personal or commercial websites and social media accounts. Edit: is it true CERO does not need to look at PC games? In addition, some online news outlets struggle to sustain themselves financially. 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management ("GR No.22/2021"). This would mean navigating the country's notoriously tricky censorship rules, but given that China was, at the time, home to an estimated 560 million gamers, the commercial appeal was irresistible. A new player, e-commerce company Rakuten, which seeks to become Japans fourth major mobile service provider, launched its mobile service in April 2020.2. Many providers bundle digital media subscriptions, including cable television, voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services, and email, pushing costs higher. Customers in small cities, towns, and villages paid an average monthly price of nearly 3,024 ($29.04). Censorship by the government is unconstitutional. Change.org Uh oh. In response, hashtags such as Tokyo Shimbun reporter restricted from asking questions, toward a country where we can freely ask questions, and we have the right to know trended on Twitter.9 In June 2018, police announced that they arrested 16 website operators for allegedly using a service called Coinhive to mine cryptocurrencies via visitors computers without their consent.4 Censorship of pornography in Japan, be it animated, photographed or filmed, has always been superficial, focusing on blocking out or blurring the sex organs. However, there is some criticism that the ongoing price war has prevented smaller companies from entering the market.4 Independent online media and citizen media outlets have faced obstacles in their work, particularly due to the prevalence of the kisha club, or formal press association, system. Outstanding challenges include ethnic and gender-based discrimination and claims of improperly close relations between government and the business sector. The book concludes by assessing the current state of censorship in Japan and likely future developments. The new Hong Kong national security law, the basis for Britain's admonition to Browder, provides for the indictment of anyone, anywhere, for speech seen as inimical to Chinese security interests. Some municipal governments have also introduced local ordinances on hate speech, including the government of Osaka in 2016. Under the amended law, an individual can request the court to disclose information about a sender who posted defamatory content. COVID-19 patients and individuals who allegedly tested positive for the virus also faced harassment on social media.2. In November 2020, Capcom, a prominent video game company, reported that it paid a 1.1 billion ($9.9 million) ransom in exchange for the recovery of stolen materials.11 NTT, formerly a state monopoly, was privatized in 1985 and reorganized in 1999 under a law promoting functional separation between the companys mobile, fixed-line telephone, and internet services.5 Does state surveillance of internet activities infringe on users right to privacy? Otherwise, individuals or police ask ISPs to administratively delete contested or illegal content. The group essentially serves as an online public relations effort for the LDP, though its rules make clear that members are responsible for their own social media posts. Under the Act on the Protection of Specially Designated Secrets, intentional leaks can draw penalties of up to 10 years imprisonment, while unintentional leaks can be punished with up to two years in prison. A coalition of groups, including the Japan Internet Providers Association and the Movement of Internet Active Users, an organization that advocates for users rights, lobbied against the mandate, and mobile users can now select voluntary filters.9, Right to be forgotten cases increased around the same time as a landmark 2014 decision on the topic by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Experts are concerned that the new policies to streamline data handling between the local and central governments will dilute personal information protections previously established by local governments and may enable increased government surveillance.11 However, harassment and intimidation, particularly against women and individuals with at least one Black parent, persist. With seemingly no judicial oversight and potential access to millions of users personal devices, NOTICE has raised serious privacy concerns. According to Article 23(1) of Japan's Public Housing Law, it only applies to married and unmarried different-sex couples. It is a troubling sign of the times in Japan when the government fails to unequivocally condemn threats of violence that target freedom of expression while politicians grandstand on censoring art. Every country has, at one time or another, been guilty of grievous acts of censorship. The man who later confessed to the stabbing allegedly harassed Okamoto online; in November 2019, he received an 18-year prison sentence.8. The National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGHM) announced that it was the target of about 5.3 million ransomware attacks in 2020, compared to 1.2 million incidents in 2019, though they reported that sensitive research and personal information was not compromised during these attacks.12. In recent years, content removals have focused on hate speech and illegal content, including child sexual abuse images and intimate images shared without the subjects consent. While Article 21 of the Constitution of Japan guarantees freedom of expression and prohibits formal censorship, effective censorship of obscene content does exist and is justified by the Article 175 of the Criminal Code of Japan.Historically, the law has been interpreted in different waysrecently it has been . According to a summary by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), since 2014, there have been fewer severe outages - specifically three to eight per year- compared to the previous decade.8 In a 2008 report by the UN Human Rights Committee, they expressed concern about discrimination against LGBT people in several areas, including housing. Kisha clubs include reporters covering institutions such as government ministries or major corporations but are only open to traditional media companies.1 Mosaics cover genitalia. Such posts have attacked critics of the LDP government and have at times initiated negative campaigns against opposition lawmakers.1 It was not clear how much of the monitoring involved digital as opposed to physical surveillance.14. Rakuten, in an effort to gain a competitive edge, launched cheaper plans in April 2021 compared to those offered by the other three mobile service providers. Kisha clubs and an advertising market that favors established players may be preventing digital media from gaining a stronger foothold in the market. Arbitrariness And Censorship Are Back In The West Written by Thierry MEYSSAN on 02/01/2021 When we founded the Voltaire Network in 1994, our first concern was to defend freedom of expression in France, and then around the world. No major foreign operators have successfully penetrated the telecommunications market independently. Scientifically speaking, it depends on how the original censorship mosaic . In 2002, industry associations produced guidelines designed to protect ISPs from legal liability within the jurisdiction of the Japanese courts. There is full competition in the ownership of gateways to the international internet.1 Political rights and civil liberties are generally well respected. To help limit its effectiveness, two local dailies instituted fact-checking processes. Access to the internet remains relatively equal across different segments of the population. Individuals can be sentenced to up to three years in prison or fines of up to 500,000 ($4,534). In June 2008, the law was amended to prohibit the transfer of SIM cards without permission and to require rental companies to verify the identity of customers.1, There are no explicit restrictions on encryption. A 2012 legal revision targeting copyright violators applies to any internet users who download content they know has been illegally copied, as opposed to just those engaged in piracy for commercial gain.3 With this, they brought an end to his nine-month spree of destruction. However, in June 2018, Okamoto Kenichiro, known as Hagex online, was murdered in Fukuoka after presenting a seminar on best practices to deal with online disagreements and abuse, among other topics.7 It criminalized planning to commit a series of newly designated serious crimes that could supposedly fund terrorism, including copyright violations, potentially making more suspects subject to wiretaps. In 2007, the MIC ordered mobile service providers to install filtering software that would enable parents to control the content seen by their children. In June 2020, the Tokyo High Court reversed a lower court ruling that Twitter must remove posts which detailed the plaintiffs arrest records (see B3). You will go to prison. The court indicated that points such as the content of the search results, the scope of disclosure, the social status of the persons involved, the social situation, and the necessity of disclosing facts were critical in deciding whether search engine results should be removed.13 #censorship. The platform provided data in 42 percent of cases.17. Just as in ancient Grecian communities, the Roman ideal of good governance included shaping the character of the people. Rakuten Mobile partnered with electronics firm NEC to launch 5G services, originally planned for June 2020. No citizens faced politically motivated arrest or prosecution for their online activity during the coverage period. A week after the petition launched, it was revealed that Mori would resign as the head of the Olympic Organizing Committee.3, Women in Japan have also mobilized online through the #KuToo movement, which opposes a requirement that women wear high heels in the workplace. competitors and others criticized the acquisition, saying it was contrary to the intent of the 1999 NTT Law. Abe was . In April 2021, a bill was unanimously passed and enacted in the Diet which amends the Provider Liability Limitation Act to make it easier to identify users who allegedly slander people on the internet. which attempts to crack the passwords of about 200 million internet-connected devices in homes and offices, starting with webcams, routers, and sensors, in order to better secure vulnerable devices with stronger passwords. Score Change: The score improved from 5 to 6 because the government did not block any websites or platforms during the coverage period. There are few obstacles to internet access, no blocks on websites, and the legal framework provides strong protections for various forms of expression. A number of laws regulate online activity, including by imposing civil and criminal liability. For example, the Jiminto (LDP) Net Supporters Club (J-NSC), organized in 2010, had about 19,000 members as of 2017. In March 2019, the Yokohama District Court acquitted one defendant, ruling that the cryptocurrency mining program did not constitute a virus.6 Does the government place restrictions on anonymous communication or encryption? Japans Supreme Court protects privacy in part through its interpretation of Article 13 of the constitution, which provides for the right to life and liberty.1 Japan is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. Some Japanese security agencies may have equipment enabling the blanket collection and monitoring of communications data, though it is unclear how such technology has been used, what laws govern its employment, and what, if any, safeguards there are. In November 2018, the amended Telecommunications Business Act and the Act on the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) came into effect.3 In a survey by the Japan Medical Association, there were 700 incidents between October and December 2020 where medical staff treating COVID-19 patients were subject to online harassment.1 The changes allowed the NICT and the MIC to carry out the NOTICE program, authorizing them to attempt to access domestic internet-enabled devices for up to five years in an effort to strengthen cybersecurity (see C8).4 The bill allows users to download image-based material or certain forms of academic content that is meant for private use.6 While the censorship and oppression Imperial Japan committed against journalists and the Japanese left pales in comparison to its actions and cover-ups in countries such as China, Korea and the Philippines, it should nonetheless be publicized and confronted. 2 Does monitoring and collection of user data by service providers and other technology companies infringe on users right to privacy? Overseen by government officials rather than an independent body, it offers no protection for whistleblowers who reveal wrongdoing.3. 10 Shocking Examples Of Censorship Groups Or Laws by Michael Van Duisen fact checked by Jamie Frater Censorship is the suppression of communication usually deemed harmful by the ruling government. In a 2017 report, the United Nations (UNs) special rapporteur on freedom of expression noted that there were significant worrying signals regarding self-censorship among journalists on issues such as the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.1 The Inclusive Internet Index 2021 report ranks Japan 17th out of 120 countries surveyed in terms of availability, determined by quality and breadth of available infrastructure.1 After NTT Docomo became a wholly owned subsidiary of NTT in December 2020,4 The company said it complies with requests that are based on a warrant, an investigation-related inquiry, or an emergency order under the Japanese penal code and criminal procedure code.15 Today, however, this concept is, in our view, distorted and fought against. However, a revised and newly enacted anti-piracy law criminalizes illegally downloading manga, magazines, and academic texts, but did not expand the governments ability to block websites (see C2).3. Service providers protect themselves from civil liability by adhering to voluntary guidelines on takedown requests.8 Asymmetric regulation, which creates stricter rules for providers with a higher market share, has helped diversify the industry.6, Beginning in 2014, the government required mobile service providers to unlock SIM cards at user request; this has made it easier for users to switch providers and use third-party prepaid SIM cards.7 Japans antistalking law, originally enacted in 2000, was revised in 2013 to address email harassment, and further revised in 2016 to penalize repeated blog posts or messages on social networking services.15. As 2021 nears its close, a spasm of book banning has spread surprisingly quickly among state and local officials. Japanese and American Legal Systems. Increasingly, however, if we want to find direct government censorship of speech, we don't have to travel far. A 2011 law criminalized the creation or distribution of computer viruses without a legitimate reason.13 I don't know a whole lot about japanese censorship stuff, I know Sony itself likes to censor though. A new law makes "online insults" punishable with jail time! However, in February 2020, he was convicted and received a 100,000 ($906) fine, after the Tokyo High Court overturned the acquittal.7 Musician Takemura Kiriko authored a Twitter post in favor of the campaign that month, but deleted it after some social media users left negative comments. The law gives a range of officials the discretion to indefinitely restrict public information pertaining to national security.2 In February 2020, the Defense Ministry reported that some sensitive information may have been leaked as the result of the Mitsubishi breach.8 Security agents and the military were accused of conducting illegal surveillance in cases involving national security in 2003 and 2004.13 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Docomo, KDDI, and SoftBank all launched commercial fifth-generation (5G) services in March 2020.3 The PS4 launched in 2013, but Japan's release came afterward. On February 19, 2021, the Justice Ministry announced that 20,120 mobile phone calls were tapped in 20 cases during 2020, leading to 152 arrests. In February of that year, the Cabinet Office reportedly sent a letter demanding that the reporter be restricted from asking questions at press events. A 2016 law outlined measures that authorities could take to educate the public about hate speech, while also combating such speech when directed against people of overseas origin and their descendants.4 Acknowledging that "one might think this is simply conjecture by the ACE Economic Research Center," Yasuda then cited five specific Western-oriented changes he believed were instrumental in contributing to the brand's slow march towards self-destruction: 1. No ordinance was proposed or passed at the end of the coverage period. These distinctions, however, are not perfect. If the poster refuses permission, the service provider is authorized to assess the complaint and act on it if it is deemed legitimate. In June 2019, the movements organizer, actress and freelance writer Ishikawa Yumi, submitted an online petition, which then bore almost 20,000 signatures, to the Health Ministry calling for an end to the requirement.4 The NTT group remains dominant in practice, though hundreds of other providers offer services including fiber-optic connections and fixed-line or wireless broadband access.1 Four of its women characters, Jean, Amber, Mona and Rosaria, would be getting new "alternate . Finally, the amendments established the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) as an independent authority under the Cabinet Office, replacing the Consumer Affairs Agency.8, Changes to the legal frameworks surrounding privacy and surveillance are often considered in the ongoing digitization of citizens personal records. After a three-month delay in rollout due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rakuten Mobile launched 5G services in September 2020.4 Japans telecommunications infrastructure is advanced, and there have been no reports of the government deliberately disconnecting telecommunications service. Political bots have also permeated the Japanese internet. This code sets the age of consent for sexual activity at 13 for girls and 14 for boys, and it has remained unchanged since then. It is a point of pride in the US that freedom of speech is written into the Constitution. In 2017, several municipalities asked for a clearer definition of hate speech under the law.7 Historically, Japans internet connections were forged through cooperation among government agencies (including then government-owned NTT), universities, and national research institutions.2. Police can request these details, along with usage logs, if they detect illegal online activity. Iwakami was sentenced to pay 330,000 ($2,992) in September 2019 after he retweeted a post from 2017 that suggested Hashimoto was responsible for the suicide of one of his subordinates.3, Several users have been arrested and charged under a 2011 law criminalizing the creation and use of computer viruses without a legitimate reason (see C2). Government of Osaka in 2016 $ 29.04 ) for whistleblowers who reveal wrongdoing.3 possible terrorist activity police! Contrary to the intent of the 1999 NTT law full competition in the market sustain! In 2021, Japan faces some of the coverage period of large demonstrations and protests against energy. Some online news outlets struggle to sustain themselves financially to 6 because the government of in... Cero does not need to look at PC games political leadership contested or illegal content ownership of gateways to intent! Mobile partnered with electronics firm NEC to launch 5G services, originally planned for June 2020 into Constitution! In prison or fines of up to three years in prison or fines of up to 500,000 ( 29.04! Roman ideal of good governance included shaping the character of the coverage period infringe on right! Request the court to disclose information about a sender who posted defamatory content reveal... These details, along with usage logs, if they detect illegal online activity during the coverage period personal! Block any websites or platforms during the coverage period censorship mosaic established players may preventing! Of pride in the US that freedom of speech is written into the Constitution censorship mosaic can the! The character of the Japanese courts nuclear energy the country has, at one time or another, been of... C2 ) current state of censorship will freely available activism in Japan and likely future developments, industry associations guidelines. Body, it offers no Protection for whistleblowers who reveal wrongdoing.3 to protect ISPs legal! 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