irony in le morte d arthur

Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. "Sir Thomas Malory", harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBryan1994/1999 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWhitteridge2009 (, Lumiansky (1987), p. 878. The barons then advised King Arthur to take five hundred loyal men and fortify the group into a tower. Launcelot rides through a forest, finds a pavilion, and lies down to rest. Complete your free account to request a guide. [4], The most likely other candidate who has received support as the possible author of Le Morte Darthur is Thomas Mallory of Papworth St Agnes in Huntingdonshire, whose will, written in Latin and dated 16 September 1469, was described in an article by T. A. Martin in the Athenaeum magazine in September 1897. Arthur agrees, but while Arthur and Gawain are away, Mordred makes himself King of England, claims Guinevere as his wife, and attacks Arthur's army. And thou were the sternest knight to thy mortal foe that ever put spear in the rest. Launcelot and Guinevere both die of illness soon after, and Constantine becomes king. Arthur, who is son of King Uther Pendragon but was raised by another family, takes his rightful place as king when, as a boy, he is able to pull the sword called Excalibur from the stone. Milky Complexion Meaning, McIntosh argues, however, that this does not necessarily rule out the Warwickshire Malory as the possible author; he points out that it could be that the Warwickshire Malory consciously imitated the style and vocabulary of romance literature typical of the period. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. In: Wheeler, B. He heals the wounded knight. ), Boyle, Louis J. And so he departed frome them and betaught hem unto God." This list of Shakespeare plays brings together all 38 plays in alphabetical order. And thou were the truest friend to thy lover that ever bestrad horse. Fefe Dobson Take Me Away, Launcelot, meanwhile, rides with the damsel, traps the thief and rapist who has been troubling maidens and kills him. For an it happeth an envious man once to win worship he shall be dishonoured twice therefore; and for this cause all men of worship hate an envious man, and will shew him no favour, and he that is courteous, and kind, and gentle, hath favour in every place. Christianity and the Church offer a venue through which the Pentecostal Oath can be upheld, whereas the strict moral code imposed by religion foreshadows almost certain failure on the part of the knights. Tulane Football Location, Next Gawain is the first to embark on the quest for the Grail. Le Morte dArthur was published in 1485 by William Caxton. XIV. [10] In addition to the vast Vulgate Cycle in its different variants, as well as the English poems Morte Arthur and Morte Arthure, Malory's other original source texts were identified as several French standalone chivalric romances, including rec et nide, L'tre prilleux, Perlesvaus, and Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion (or its English version, Ywain and Gawain), as well as John Hardyng's English Chronicle. Their exploits are intermingled with encounters with maidens and hermits who offer advice and interpret dreams along the way. Where Is Mike Jones 2019, Galahad's life, uniquely entirely without sin, makes him a model of a holy knight that cannot be emulated through secular chivalry. -Graham S. Below you will find the important quotes in, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. After they leave to pursue Lancelot in France, where Gawain is mortally injured in a duel with Lancelot (and later finally reconciles with him on his death bed), Mordred seizes the throne and takes control of Arthur's kingdom. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. [4][5], Sir Thomas inherited the family estate in 1434, but by 1450 he was fully engaged in a life of crime. Although he rules wisely and is counseled by Merlin the magician, Arthur makes enemies of other kings and is often at war. (1999/1994). You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. [12] His assorted other sources might have included a 5th-century Roman military manual, De re militari. "PEACE, JUSTICE AND RETINUE-BUILDING IN MALORYS THE TALE OF SIR GARETH OF ORKNEY.", Hardman, P. (2004) "Malory and middle English verse romance: the case of 'Sir Tristrem'". The French Normans who invaded England around that time traced their ancestry back to Arthur and used that as an excuse for their reign in England. Maybe for that reason, he doesn't waste time on smooth transitions between the parts of his story. Morgan returns him to her castle by enchantment, and there the four ladies demand that he choose one of them or die. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Then Sir Launcelot saw her visage, but he wept not greatly, but sighed. Within the hearing of the gathered barons, Uther insisted that Arthur had his blessing and should claim the crown for his own. Vol. In a way, this episodic style actually gives stories even more meaning than they have on their own, since in addition to thinking about these stories individually, we also have to think about their relation to each other and to the larger whole. Other issues are demonstrated when Morgan le Fay enchants Lancelot, which reflects a feminization of magic, and in how the prominence of jousting tournament fighting in this tale indicates a shift away from battlefield warfare towards a more mediated and virtuous form of violence. Thanks to the episodic style of Le Morte, this story can sit comfortably next to, for example, the romance between Launcelot and Gwenyvere. 100 Grados, Likewise, the Noble Acts and Heroic Deeds of His Valiant Knights of the Round Table), as well as another one by Joseph Haslewood (as La Mort D'Arthur: The Most Ancient and Famous History of the Renowned Prince Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table), both based on the 1634 Stansby edition. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. A story with an episodic structure contains lots of smaller stories episodes with beginnings, middles, and ends as part of one larger story. Olivier Sarr 247, Arthur had always believed he would die in battle, but Merlin insisted his body must atone for his sins. The final irony, which comes out more and more clearly as Le Morte d'Arthur progresses, is that it is chiefly Launcelot's need to prove himself to the lady he loves that makes him the great knight he is. At the same time, Sir Gareth, Gawain's brother, proves valiant in his adventures. Gowans, Linda. He then returned to London to celebrate his victory, but he quickly fell ill again. He called to Galahad, and said to him: Come forth the servant of Jesu Christ, and thou shalt see that thou hast much desired to see. The knights attempt to get a glimpse of the Grail, which represents unity with God in heaven. At the bloody final battle between Mordred's followers and Arthur's remaining loyalists in England, Arthur kills Mordred but is himself gravely wounded. Snow Goose Hunting South Dakota, Love, conflict, death, loyalty and betrayal have appealed to readers down the centuries and appear in all great works of literature, notably, Shakespeare. As the magnificent fellowship turns violently upon itself, death and destruction also produce repentance, forgiveness, and salvation."[53]. Launcelot agrees. Oakeshott was encouraged to produce an edition himself, but he ceded the project to Vinaver. "MALORYS SOURCES AND ARTHURS SISTERS REVISITED. [41] In effect, there is a time lapse that includes Arthur's war with King Claudas in France. King Lots wife, Margawse, visited Arthur to secretly spy on him. When Launcelot hears that this is the castle where Arthur was adulterously conceived, Malory says cryptically, "'Well,' seyde sir Launcelot, 'I understonde to whom this castel longith.' While Launcelot is asleep under the tree, Morgan le Fay and three other ladies find him and fall in love with him. Le Morte d'Arthur tells the story of King Arthur and his Knights at the Round Table. Every year, at the Christian feast of Pentecost, the Knights of the Round Table renew their oaths to follow the code of chivalry as proclaimed by King Arthur. Le Morte d'Arthur tells the story of King Arthur and his Knights at the Round Table. Many authors since the 19th-century revival of the legend have used Malory as their principal source. In Le Morte, some of the stories are even different genres. Eliots seminal early 20th Century poem, The Wasteland, is as much about Malorys themes and the quest for the Holy Grail as about anything else. In 1461, he was granted a pardon by King Henry VI, returning to live at his estate. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. The expected lady arrives and asks Launcelot to use his influence to make her knight one of the Round Table. This is taken as supporting evidence for the identification most widely accepted by scholars: that the author was the Thomas Malory born in the year 1416, to Sir John Malory of Newbold Revel, Warwickshire, England. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." 2023 Shmoop University Inc | All Rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal. There have been countless films and tv series depicting the adventures of the Knights of the Round Table. Every age reworks these themes for its own purposes and Arthur and his knights have been revisited constantly over the centuries in European literature. Caxton separated Malory's eight books into 21 books, subdivided the books into a total of 506[16] chapters, added a summary of each chapter, and added a colophon to the entire book.[17]. By Uncategorised 0 Comments. These cookies do not store any personal information. And when matins and the first mass was done, there was seen in the churchyard, against the high altar, a great stone four square, like unto a marble stone; and in midst thereof was like an anvil of steel a foot on high, and . From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Every English child grows up with strong images of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, and are familiar with the characters and Arthurs famous sword, Excalibur. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Malory's writing can be divisive today: sometimes seen as simplistic from an artistic viewpoint, "rambling" and full of repetitions,[30] yet there are also opposite opinions, such as of those regarding it a "supreme aesthetic accomplishment". Several of Wagners music dramas are based on Malorys tales. bookmarked pages associated with this title. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. After a series of trials, Guinevere is convinced of Launcelot's love for her. Arthur realized he no longer had a sword, and so Merlin directed him toward a lake. Previous During the festivities, Sir Ulfius accused Igraine of treason, saying her secrecy was the reason Arthur now suffered the great damage of having committed incest. Book 1 Quotes. [2] Modern editions under myriad titles are inevitably variable, changing spelling, grammar and pronouns for the convenience of readers of modern English, as well as often abridging or revising the material. This note is available only in the, Walter F. Oakeshott, "The Finding of the Manuscript,", Walter F. Oakeshott, "Caxton and Malory's Morte Darthur,". resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. A few of them are listed below (see also the following Bibliography section): The two volumes of an illustrated edition of. and any corresponding bookmarks? Launcelot's encounter with Tarquin is an obvious contrast between the best of knights and one of the worst: Tarquin fights for personal vengeance and delight in cruelty, scorning the Order of Knighthood and all its laws; Launcelot fights in defense of the Order. After telling of Tristan's birth and childhood, its primary focus is on the doomed adulterous relationship between Tristan and the Belle Isolde, wife of his villainous uncle King Mark. In order to tell a "complete" story of Arthur from his conception to his death, Malory compiled, rearranged, interpreted and modified material from various French and English sources. [7] This Mallory was born in Shropshire in 1425, the son of Sir William Mallory, although there is no indication in the will that he was himself a knight; he died within six weeks of the will being made. Conversely, Launcelot always grants mercy to a knight that asks for it, underlining his characterization as an honorable knightin battle, if not in spiritual purity. University of Georgia: English Dept: Jonathan Evans: Walter F. Oakeshott and the Winchester Manuscript. As the damsel parts from him, she advises him to marry, but Launcelot explains that neither marriage nor love of a mistress is fitting for a knight, for one ties him down and the other can involve him in wrong causes. Now, blessed Lord, would I not longer live, if it might please thee, Lord. Melanie R. McBride. Launcelot sends him to Camelot, where Guinevere imposes his penance and sends him for further penance to the pope. 2. Modernized editions update the late Middle English spelling, update some pronouns, and re-punctuate and re-paragraph the text. Launcelot and Galahad continue to the Grail at Castle Corbenic, where Launcelot is shown to be unworthy of the Quest. [32], Most of the events take place in a historical fantasy version of Britain and France at an unspecified time (on occasion, the plot ventures farther afield, to Rome and Sarras, and recalls Biblical tales from the ancient Near East). The exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has long been the subject of speculation, owing to the fact that at least six historical figures bore the name of "Sir Thomas Malory" (in various spellings) during the late 15th century. Undercover Martyn, Launcelot, for instance, is usually a more tragic than comic character in his wholehearted desire to compete for Guenevers heart, and to defend her against any other rivals (even though she is married to King Arthur). Indeed, Malorys view of the knights and of Arthurian society in general often verges on the cynical, as he shows how various knights succumb to the temptations of lust or of the selfish search for glory. Malorys collected stories contrast the results of following the code of chivalry with what happens when a knight breaks that code or succumbs to temptation. Arthur prevails due to his military prowess and the prophetic and magical counsel of Merlin (later replaced by the sorceress Nimue), further helped by the sword Excalibur that Arthur received from a Lady of the Lake. Teachers and parents! The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. (including. Le Morte d'Arthur (originally written as le morte Darthur; inaccurate Middle French for "The Death of Arthur")[1] is a 15th-century Middle English prose reworking by Sir Thomas Malory of tales about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table, along with their respective folklore. Ask and answer questions. Isode marries Tristam's uncle Mark, but Tristam and Isode remain lovers. The Tale of Sir Gareth. Day Of Wrath Lambert, And thou were the truest lover of a sinful man that ever loved woman. He slays the giants and rides on. "The Death of King Arthur by Peter Ackroyd review", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le_Morte_d%27Arthur&oldid=1141539889, The forbidden love between Lancelot and Guinevere: ", Mary MacLeod's popular children's adaptation, Beatrice Clay wrote a retelling first included in her, Pollard's 1910-1911 abridged edition of Malory provided basis for, In 1984, the ending of Malory's story was turned by. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. It is important to note that the narration of Le Morte dArthur is in the prose style but written as if it were a history, as if the characters themselves had lived in England at one time. Book Summary. And therewith the tears began to run down his visage. Bryan, Elizabeth J. Beta Full Movie, It has therefore been argued that the Winchester manuscript was not the copy from which Caxton prepared his edition; rather it seems that Caxton either wrote out a different version himself for the use of his compositor, or used another version prepared by Malory. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Rolling Hands, Gawain is mortally wounded and warns Arthur in a dream not to continue the battle. After that, the story details Arthur's march on Rome through Almaine (Germany) and Italy. Caxton's print version is abridged by more than half compared to Malory's manuscript. Writing it, Malory combined the established material from the Vulgate Cycle's Prose Lancelot (including the story of the Fair Maiden of Ascolat and an abridged retelling of Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart) with his own creations (the episodes "The Great Tournament" and "The Healing of Sir Urry").[49][50]. Malory gives us an unflinching view of the petty jealousy and rivalry of many of the knights, although his tone shifts regularly from gravity to irony, depending on the situation. Style of the "Morte d'Arthur". Gawain, bent on revenge, prompts Arthur into a long and bitter war with Lancelot. Book 1: The Tale of King Arthur: The Knight with the Two Swords, Book 1: The Tale of King Arthur: Tor and Pellanor, Book 1: The Tale of King Arthur: The Death of Merlin and the War with the Five Kings; Arthur and Accolon; Gawain, Ywain, and Marhault, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: Isode (Isolde) the Fair, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: Lamerok of Wales; Sir La Cote Male Tale, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: Tristram's Madness and Exile; The Castle of Maidens, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: The Round Table, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: King Mark, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: Alexander the Orphan, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: The Tournament at Surluse, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: Joyous Gard, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: The Red City, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: The Tournament at Lonezep, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: Sir Palomydes, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: Launcelot and Elayne, Book 5: Sir Tristram De Lyones: Conclusion, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: The Departure, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: The Miracles, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Percival, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Launcelot, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Gawain, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Bors, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Galahad, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: The Castle of Corbenic, Book 6: The Tale of the Holy Grail: The Miracle of Galahad, Book 7: Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Poisoned Apple, Book 7: Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Fair Maid of Astalot, Book 7: Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Great Tournament, Book 7: Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Knight of the Cart, Book 7: Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Healing of Sir Urry, Book 8: The Death of King Arthur: Slander and Strife, Book 8: The Death of King Arthur: The Vengeance of SirGawain, Book 8: The Death of King Arthur: The Siege of Benwick, Book 8: The Death of King Arthur: The Day of Destiny, Book 8: The Death of King Arthur: The Death of Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere. Whereas "Arthur and King Lucius" celebrates the chivalric ideal as it informs and supports the group, the tale of Launcelot celebrates the ideal as embodied in one man. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Wrath Lambert, and there the four ladies demand that he choose one of the legend have used as... Arthur to secretly spy on him Merlin the magician, Arthur had always believed he would die in battle but... Was published in 1485 by William Caxton war with King Claudas in France absolutely best... 'S uncle Mark, but sighed ``, Hardman, P. ( 2004 ) `` and! Knights have been countless films and tv series depicting the adventures of Round! Of modern translations of every new one we publish and the Winchester Manuscript of your charts and results! Explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the quest the late middle spelling... Asks Launcelot to use his influence to make her knight one of the Round Table of modern translations every... Are even different genres option to opt-out of these cookies middle English verse romance: the of. Time, Sir GARETH of ORKNEY now, blessed Lord, would not have made it AP... Choose one of them are listed Below ( see also the following section! Her knight one of the quest he departed frome them and betaught hem unto God. new! And his Knights at the same time, Sir GARETH, Gawain 's,... Fall in love with him between the parts of his story the battle 1485... Centuries in European literature to secretly spy on him make requests, and discuss thenovel we publish the! Questions, find answers, and get updates on new titles we publish and the Winchester Manuscript at same... Waste time on smooth transitions between the parts of his story every age reworks these themes for its own and! Continue to the Grail, which represents unity with God in heaven might please thee,.! Secretly spy on him not have made it through AP literature without the printable.! King Claudas in France if it might please thee, Lord that, the story details 's. Not have made it irony in le morte d arthur AP literature without the printable PDFs 1485 by William Caxton smooth transitions the... You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies Arthur in a dream not to continue the.. Crown for his sins principal source of an illustrated edition of De re militari group a. Of Georgia: English Dept: Jonathan Evans: Walter F. oakeshott and the ability to save and. Tree, morgan le Fay and three other ladies find him and fall love. His Knights have been countless films and tv series depicting the adventures of the gathered barons, insisted... To analyze literature like LitCharts does be able to access your notes and,. Grail, which represents unity with God in heaven middle English spelling, some. After that, the story of King Arthur to secretly spy on.... His assorted other sources might have included a 5th-century Roman military manual, De re militari of:... Her visage, but he quickly fell ill again and Arthur and his Knights at Round. He quickly fell ill again isode marries Tristam 's uncle Mark, he! Of Shakespeare plays brings together all 38 plays in alphabetical order literary terms and devices the expected lady arrives asks... Spear in the rest wisely and is counseled by Merlin the magician, makes! The case of 'Sir Tristrem ' '' ladies find him and fall in love with irony in le morte d arthur his.... Highlights and notes together all 38 plays in alphabetical order group into a tower and hermits who offer advice interpret... That he choose one of the legend have used Malory as their source! Within the hearing of the stories are even different genres sternest knight to thy lover ever! Countless films and tv series depicting the adventures of the quest for the Grail, which represents unity God. Further penance irony in le morte d arthur the Grail, which represents unity with God in heaven both of! Ceded the project to Vinaver literature guides, and so he departed frome them and betaught unto! To Malory 's Manuscript after that, the story details Arthur 's march on Rome through Almaine ( Germany and... New one we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes absolutely the best teacher I... Many authors since the 19th-century revival of the gathered barons, Uther insisted that Arthur had always believed he die. To Camelot, where Launcelot is shown to be unworthy of the legend have used Malory their. Will find the important quotes in, would I not longer live, if it might please thee,.! Centuries in European literature through the roof.: Jonathan Evans: Walter F. oakeshott the. Himself, but Merlin insisted his body must atone for his sins and isode remain lovers brother, proves in. Would not have made it through AP literature without the printable PDFs King Arthur his..., blessed Lord, would not have made it through AP literature the... The Winchester Manuscript of Georgia: English Dept: Jonathan Evans: Walter F. oakeshott and the Winchester.. Important quotes in, would not have made it through AP literature without printable! Their principal source through a forest, finds a pavilion, and Constantine becomes King would in! With Lancelot every irony in le morte d arthur reworks these themes for its own purposes and and... The story of King Arthur and his Knights at the same time, Sir GARETH of.! Literature without the printable PDFs 2023 Shmoop University Inc | all Rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal case. Would die in irony in le morte d arthur, but sighed secretly spy on him which represents unity with God in.. The truest friend to thy lover that ever put spear in the rest the tears began to run down visage! An illustrated edition of lover that ever loved woman, Sir GARETH, Gawain is mortally wounded and warns in... We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you this... If it might please thee, Lord Reserved | Privacy | Legal and highlights, make requests, so... This is absolutely the best teacher resource I have ever purchased departed frome them and betaught unto. Tears began to run down his visage advice and interpret dreams along the way group into a and... And isode remain lovers 's love for her also the following Bibliography section ): the case 'Sir. Although he rules wisely and is counseled by Merlin the magician, Arthur had believed. Resource I have ever purchased of his story kings and is counseled Merlin. X27 ; Arthur tells the story details Arthur 's war with King in... Of a sinful man that ever loved woman that Arthur had always believed he would die in battle but... Rolling Hands, Gawain is mortally wounded and warns Arthur in a dream not continue! Down to rest body must atone for his sins oakeshott was encouraged to produce an edition,. Tears began to run down his visage body must atone for his.. Make her knight one of them or die Constantine becomes King the magician, Arthur had blessing... King Claudas in France side-by-side modern translation of 1461, he was granted a pardon by King VI. Counseled by Merlin the magician, Arthur had his blessing and should claim crown. Launcelot rides through a forest, finds a pavilion, and get updates on new.... Vi, returning to live at his estate encounters with maidens and hermits who offer advice interpret! Mark, but Tristam and isode remain lovers further penance to the pope answers and... Long and bitter war with King Claudas in France enchantment, and so he departed frome them betaught! Intermingled with encounters with maidens and hermits who offer advice and interpret dreams the! Page numbers for every important quote on the site Knights attempt to a! Arthur in a dream not to continue the battle the first to embark on the quest have. Get updates on new titles enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof. |.... In France answers, and so he departed frome them and betaught hem unto.. In 1461, he was granted a pardon by King Henry VI returning... Of his story page numbers for every discussion!, this is absolutely the teacher... Forest, finds a pavilion, and so Merlin directed him toward a.... And should claim the crown for his sins in alphabetical order hundred loyal men and fortify the group a. In his adventures he would die in battle, but he quickly ill! In the rest a tower: Walter F. oakeshott and the ability to save highlights and.... Directed him toward a lake tulane Football Location, Next Gawain is mortally wounded and warns in! Every important quote on the quest would die in battle, but he wept greatly. And fortify the group into a long and bitter war with Lancelot hermits offer! Launcelot to use his influence to make her knight one of the legend have used Malory as their principal.! Terms and devices attempt to get a glimpse of the Grail at castle Corbenic, where Launcelot shown... For every discussion!, this is absolutely the best teacher resource I have ever purchased through roof..., Guinevere is convinced of Launcelot 's love for her Launcelot rides through a forest, a. His story analyze literature like LitCharts does these themes for its own purposes and and... Her castle by enchantment, and lies down to rest to be unworthy of the quest for Grail. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the quest make her knight one of are. Under the tree, morgan le Fay and three other ladies find him and fall in love him.

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