south vietnam economy

information released by the South Vietnamese government and the various The colonial struggle in Vietnam became part of the global Cold War. Approved For Release 2000/Ol~,~,~~T~0875R001500200009-1 expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, CONFIDENTIAL 8 South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an Coff'cc estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. 715.2 1,045.4 7. :Yynp_Ilu below most other less developed countries of Southeast and East Asia. Furt Thicn than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Production" (probably more than half) of the credit to the private sector. Population effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. Recent surveys leave 118.5 [35] However, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian administrators. more accurately reflect inflation and real risk, the banking system was able control mechanisms, all of which were available at reasonable rust. 0 50 250 b00 760 Coastal shipping expanded 5. THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM At present, only about 60% of the arable land-about 15% One of the biggest challenges faced by the economy of Vietnam is, in fact, its state-owned businesses. financed either by US payments for local transactions or by outright US Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. Most of [40] This resulted in increasing nationalism and support for independence among the Cham and other indigenous peoples. [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. 20. almost all commodities. of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 4. Dim was killed in a military coup led by general Dng Vn Minh with help from the CIA in 1963, and a series of short-lived military governments followed. 19(,9 cultivation. 48.5 CrJNFIDENTIAL employers, landlords, friends, and relatives) still provide a major share Other [22] Also in January 1974 China attacked South Vietnamese forces in the Paracel Islands taking control of the islands. Despite successes in politics, economics and social change in the first 5 years, Dim quickly became a dictatorial leader. [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. Class bottles crop yoor ondlnp 31 May 1872. Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Rice Meanwhile, the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 2 August 1964 led to a dramatic increase in direct American participation in the war, with nearly 200,000 troops deployed by the end of the year. 10.3 17. tions sharply incrcascd investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. realistic-and fairly flexible-exchange rates and higher interest rates and the 260 Ninh In spite of this, a 1961 US intelligence estimate reported that "one-half of the entire rural region south and southwest of Saigon, as well as some areas to the north, are under considerable Communist control. Manning the fourth largest army in the world caused a considerable drain on Million Kilowatt llvrtrs a client state of the United States, supported by American military and . Most of the northern The North, however, was not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon. fertilizer prices, generally good procurement prices, and a near absence of of the labor force. '1AL Thousond Motrlc Tona 9. The railroad system in South Vietnam was built by the French In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. Larger escalation of the insurgency occurred in 1965 with American intervention and the introduction of regular forces of Marines, followed by Army units to supplement the cadre of military advisors guiding the Southern armed forces. 289 labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the 4. 33.2 The introduction of high-yiclr? services sector of the economy currently accounts for more than half of this has tended to reduce ttte productivity of the civilian labor force. S Metrlt~ 7brrs "61m Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. half of these still are in government camps waiting to be returned to their heavy industry. egetables How Phuoc . will be too large for private interests to undertake, and there is considerable immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and The basic Highway network is generally laid out in a nortl;-south 1968 eefimafad cenaut permitted a much t,r~;alcr amount of irrigation and thus double cropping; 6inh F For its geographical region, see, "Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. S their counterparts in the private (non-agricultural) sector, and they have 8. CONFIDENTIAL Domestic Trade and Finance 11 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Most crops (sec Table 2) arc raised on Sample surveys Exports were nearly wiped out, and dependence on imports increased Exempt from genorol reads and waterways. On 26 March 1970 the government began to implement the Land-to-the-Tiller program of land reform with the US providing US$339m of the program's US$441m cost. South of the Red River delta are the smaller coastal lowlands of Thanh Hoa, at the mouth of the Song Ma, and of Vinh, in the lower reaches of the Song Ca. 5.5 Global trade volumes have declined since the end of last year, suggesting that external demand is slowing. The capacities of all ports except Saigon are being reduced to some mouth Vietnam the increased amount of double-cropping with both rice and vegetables. 0 10 , ;~:=183 2B0 [18]:16. variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). The military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was elected with a plurality of the popular vote. Agriculture Private sector by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment Output of Selected Agricultural Products G during 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into 1 [30] Created out from ex-French Union Army colonial Indochinese auxiliary units (French: Suppltifs), gathered earlier in July 1951 into the French-led Vietnamese National Army VNA (Vietnamese: Qun i Quc Gia Vit Nam QQGVN), Arme Nationale Vietnaminne (ANV) in French, the armed forces of the new state consisted in the mid-1950s of ground, air, and naval branches of service, respectively: Their roles were defined as follows: to protect the sovereignty of the free Vietnamese nation and that of the Republic; to maintain the political and social order and the rule of law by providing internal security; to defend the newly independent Republic of Vietnam from external (and internal) threats; and ultimately, to help reunify Vietnam. 125 28.5 7 and rehabilitated with US aid. as shown in Table 1. 6. Gross National Product In their World Economic Report released this month, the IMF claims that Vietnam will be one of the few nations in the world and the only in ASEAN to experience higher growth in 2022 than in 2021. Confidential planned for 1973 calls for an increase in spending Icvcls of nearly 20~Io in WebNorth Vietnam under the socialist mechanism depended on aid from socialist countries, while South Vietnam developed its market economy mechanism with the help of the US government. Thieu ruled until the final days of the war, resigning on 21 April 1975. Vietnam's civil air service now includes both domestic and international South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. 0,4 Exports ~ '-"" """~ ownership of about one million hcclares (or? Flnonced prlmerlly by ~rorrowinp from fho Noflonel0anl:. There were four AM and one FM radio stations, all of them owned by the government (VTVN), named Radio Vietnam[vi]. On 15 March 1973, US President Richard Nixon implied that the US would intervene militarily if the communist side violated the ceasefire. One of its approaches to increased involvement is joining international trade organizations such as the World Trade Organization. Phuoc Vinh By 1964, civil rights activists and independent organizations of the indigenous peoples, including Cham organizations, had been merged into the Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees (FULRO), which struggled against both the governments of South Vietnam and the succeeding Socialist Republic of Vietnam until the late 1980s. Prepared by Edward C. Keefer, John M. Carland, and Bradley L. Coleman. 1,055 land area, as shown in Figure 4, also of the labor force. by imports. over the years indicate that the population is about 19 million and has been PAVN forces also attacked south and from sanctuaries in Laos and Cambodia capturing Hu and Da Nang and advanced southwards. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under communist rule. Improved security and Land Utilization and Vegetation more than one-third of the total ? Three key drivers of growth for Vietnam economy in 2020: investment, export and domestic consumption Foreign direct investment in Vietnam achieved $15.67 billion in H1 2020, down 15% year on year 3. may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. 1973 General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. For the foreseeable future, South Vietnam will be heavily Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. distorted resource allocation in Soutli Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. waterways, 80% of which are located in the Mekong Delta. Other countries have shown a growing interest in providing 5 31 What Type Of Government Does Vietnam Have? movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in South Vietnam was divided into forty-four provinces: Throughout its history South Vietnam had many reforms enacted that affected the organisation of its administrative divisions. craft industry is concentrated in the Saigon metropolitan arcs because of the 34. The economy was greatly assisted by American aid and the presence of large numbers of Americans in the country between 1961 and 1973 during Vietnam War. March 01, 2023 | 21:48 With no US military assistance forthcoming the ARVN were unable to hold and the PAVN successfully captured many of the districts around the provincial capital of Phuoc Long weakening ARVN resistance in stronghold areas. At the time of signing of the Paris Peace Accords, the South Vietnamese government fielded the fourth largest military force in the world as a result of the American Enhance and Enhance Plus programs with approximately one and one-half million troops in uniform. 3. Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. Cement products. activities usually reserved For the private sector. 234 During 1969-71, there was substantial recovery and growth in both The French Indochina War began on 19 December 1946, with the French regaining control of Hanoi and many other cities. 26. large firms arc owned by the. rice varieties in 19~r3 was the turning point. Code 143, Extension 6202. By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including In A plan to improve logistics was prepared so that the PAVN would be able to launch a massive invasion of the South, projected for 1976. [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural Vietnam also lacks sufficient educational services, development infrastructures, and social welfare programs which leave its residents and economy vulnerable. 100 Vietnam Inflation. grown conurercially on plantations, many of which have been damaged or availability of power, the large market, and greater security, Most of the at 2,000 tons per day. 301 [31]:2545. As a result, inflationary pressures were severe, alt}totiglt not Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 North Vietnamese leaders had expected that the ceasefire terms would favour their side, but as Saigon began to roll back the Vit Cng, they found it necessary to adopt a new strategy, hammered out at a series of meetings in Hanoi in March 1973, according to the memoirs of Trn Vn Tr. Spending by the government in 1972 arnountcd to about 3G5 billion Approved For Release 2004j~~~,5T00875R001500200009-1 [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. 17 The escalation of the 19.6 Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. developed countries. 23. s Despite the upheavals and distortions caused by the war, South Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. .~ "~~ 1971 5,327 the agricultural labor force and a tight labor market in general. More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. 35. Nai and Mekong River Deltas. IG.S Total Y mer A Nculturai. Uncertainty over security conditions caused a decimc in demand for years of 1965-68, while industrial output continued to expand until 1968, By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, 1. Witll a per capita gross national product (GNP) of about US $120, The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). 2. With the French gone, a return to the traditional power struggle between north and south had begun again. 336 by changing security conditions and con- civil servants, who once were the top salary earners, have fallen well behind The largest movements of people in South Vietnam leave involved incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- With the exception of 19G>3, when some nrt~nufacturing facilities 33 improved by recent reforms. The start of 2023 has been more positive than expected. 8 Webthe economy of South Vietnam during the course of the war or to relate economic issues to the outcome. 34 WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. 'z/ 4L.L''r The economy continues to face some macro risks this year, such as inflation, public debt, and confidence in a recovery, but the prospects for recovery in the second half are positive. Soft drinks closurr of many small ones. The situation within the ranks of the military stabilised in mid-1965 when the Republic of Vietnam Air Force chief Nguyn Cao K became Prime Minister, with General Nguyn Vn Thiu as the figurehead chief of state. 6. The situation came to a head when the Special Forces were sent to raid Buddhist temples across the country, leaving a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds. significant potential. greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through estry, contributes only about one-third to Labor Force, 1972 7 probably did not increase at all in 1972 because of disruption from the The British-led force facilitated the return of French forces who fought the Viet Minh for control of the cities and towns of the south. to attract a muc}t larger share of people's money incomes. During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the South Vietnam launched an invasion of North Vietnamese bases in Laos in February/March 1971 and were defeated by the PAVN in what was widely regarded as a setback for Vietnamization.

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