sennacherib war eagles

For example, the god Ashur is portrayed frequently with a female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu. There, he subdued the Yasubigallians, a people from east of the Tigris river, and the Kassites, a people who had ruled Babylonia centuries before. [98] Their names were: A small tablet excavated at Nineveh lists the names of mythological Mesopotamian heroes, such as Gilgamesh, and some personal names. Faced with a massive Assyrian army nearby, many of the Levantine rulers, including Budu-ilu of Ammon, Kamusu-nadbi of Moab, Mitinti of Ashdod and Malik-rammu of Edom, quickly submitted to Sennacherib to avoid retribution. [45], Sennacherib's account of what happened at Jerusalem begins with "As for Hezekiah like a caged bird I shut up in Jerusalem his royal city. Though the blockade of Jerusalem was not a proper siege, it is clear from all available sources that a massive Assyrian army was encamped in the city's vicinity, probably on its northern side. He never disobeyed his father, and his letters indicate he knew Sargon well and wanted to please him. [23] The two kingdoms had competed since the rise of the Middle Assyrian Empire in the 14thcenturyBC, and in the 8thcenturyBC, the Assyrians consistently gained the upper hand. Sennacherib's only known sister, Ahat-abisha, was married off to Ambaris, the king of Tabal, but probably returned to Assyria after Sargon's first successful campaign against Tabal. [4] In 705BC, Hezekiah, the king of Judah, had stopped paying his annual tribute to the Assyrians and began pursuing a markedly aggressive foreign policy, probably inspired by the recent wave of anti-Assyrian rebellions across the empire. I counted out the wealth of that citysilver, gold, precious stones, property and goodsinto the hands of my people; and they took it as their own. [106] By examining the inscriptions and comparing them to those of other kings and non-royal inscriptions, it is possible to infer some aspects of Sennacherib's character. led a large army against Egypt . After the death of his eldest son and crown prince, Ashur-nadin-shumi, Sennacherib originally designated his second son Arda-Mulissu heir. [32], After the Babylonian war, Sennacherib's second campaign was in the Zagros Mountains. [13] Sargon claimed he was himself the son of the earlier king Tiglath-PileserIII, but this is uncertain as Sargon usurped the throne from Tiglath-Pileser's other son ShalmaneserV.[16], Sennacherib was probably born c. 745BC in Nimrud. Sennacherib was the king of Assyria from 704-681 BC and was famous for his building projects. [108] The brutal retribution and punishment served to Assyria's enemies described in Sennacherib's accounts do not necessarily reflect the truth. Gypsum wall panel relief; carved in low relief; Sennacherib watches the capture of Lachish. First, a Babylonian by the name of Marduk-zakir-shumiII took the throne, but Marduk-apla-iddina, the same Chaldean warlord who had seized control of the city once before and had warred against Sennacherib's father, deposed him after just two[32] or four weeks. Heads lie in a heap at their feet. Sennacherib is presented as akin to a ruthless predator, attacking Judah as a "wolf on the fold" in the famous 1815 poem The Destruction of Sennacherib by Lord Byron:[112]. His fifth campaign in 699BC involved a series of raids against the villages around the foot of Mount Judi, located to the northeast of Nineveh. [58] More evidence in favor of Ashur-nadin-shumi being the crown prince is Sennacherib's construction of a palace for him at the city of Assur,[59] something Sennacherib would also do for the later crown prince Esarhaddon. The name probably derives from Sennacherib not being Sargon's first son, but all his older brothers being dead by the time he was born. [77] This caused consternation in Assyria itself, where Babylon and its gods were held in high esteem. For the first six years of his reign, they were written on clay cylinders, but he later began using clay prisms, probably because they provided a greater surface area. In several places, Sennacherib's great intelligence is emphasized, for instance in the passage, "the god Ninshiku gave me wide understanding equal to (that of) the sage Adapu (and) endowed me with broad knowledge". In the stories, Sennacherib's armies are destroyed when Hezekiah recites Hallel psalms on the eve of Passover. In 703BC, after the Tabal expedition had been completed, Sennacherib gathered the Assyrian army at Assur, often used as a mustering spot for campaigns against the south. [73], In 690BC, Humban-menanu suffered a stroke and his jaw became locked in a way that prevented him from speaking. Biblical archaeologist Isaac Kalimi and historian Seth Richardson described Sennacherib's 701BC attack against Jerusalem as a "world event" in 2014, noting that it drew together the fates of numerous otherwise disparate groups. After the death of Sargon II, Sennacherib's father, a number of states in the Levant renounced their allegiance to Assyria. Caught in a dreadful quandary, the priest [Sethos, who was also Pharaoh] entered the He made Nineveh his capital, building a new palace, extending and beautifying the city, and erecting inner and outer city walls that still stand. If the battle was a southern victory, the setback faced by the Assyrians would have to have been minor as Babylon was under siege in the late summer of 690 BC (and had apparently been under siege for some time at that point). [114] A vast majority of the Biblical accounts of King Hezekiah's reign in 2 Kings is dedicated to Sennacherib's campaign, cementing it as the most important event of Hezekiah's time. [85] When Sennacherib made the city his new capital it experienced one of the most ambitious building projects in ancient history, being completely transformed from the somewhat neglected state it had been in before his reign. Arda-Mulissu's coronation was postponed, and Esarhaddon raised an army and seized Nineveh, installing himself as king as intended by Sennacherib. [28] Sennacherib was about 35 years old when he ascended to the Assyrian throne in August of 705BC. [39] Because his previous policy of reigning as king of both Assyria and Babylonia had evidently failed, Sennacherib attempted another method, appointing a native Babylonian who had grown up at the Assyrian court, Bel-ibni, as his vassal king of the south. Many of Sennacherib's Babylonian troubles stemmed from the Chaldean[7] tribal chief Marduk-apla-iddinaII, who had been Babylon's king until Sennacherib's father defeated him. Nergal-ushezib was frightened by this development and called on the Elamites for aid. In Midrash, examinations of the Old Testament and later stories, the events of 701BC are often explored in detail; many times featuring massive armies deployed by Sennacherib and pointing out how he repeatedly consulted astrologers on his campaign, delaying his actions. Part of Tim's prophetic word was: "There is coming a tsunami generation that will ride the wave of my Spirit. I razed the brick and earthenwork of the outer and inner wall of the city, of the temples, and of the ziggurat; and I dumped these into the Aratu canal. [118] The legend of the 4th-century Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, under the name Sinharib, as their royal father. Sennacherib was the second king of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C. After the Assyrians had seized many of Judah's most important fortified cities and destroyed several towns and villages, Hezekiah realized that his anti-Assyrian activities had been disastrous military and political miscalculations and accordingly submitted to the Assyrians once more. They will be called my War Eagles. [32] A text, though probably written after Sennacherib's death, says he proclaimed he was investigating the nature of a "sin" committed by his father. [68], Despite the defeat of Nergal-ushezib and the flight of the Elamites, Babylonia did not surrender to Sennacherib. Sennacherib's troops seems to have been remembered later, in a greatly mod-ified form, by the Greek historian Herodotus (Histories, 2.141), who recount-ed that: "Sennacherib . [92] Esarhaddon's influential mother, Naqi'a, may have played a role in convincing Sennacherib to choose Esarhaddon as heir. Because Sennacherib might have considered a two-front war too risky, Marduk-apla-iddina was left unchallenged for several months. Sennacherib claims in his annals that Humban-undasha was killed and that the enemy kings fled for their lives whereas the Babylonian chronicles claim that it was the Assyrians who retreated. [35] What the al demon was is not entirely understood, but the typical symptoms described in contemporary documents include the afflicted not knowing who they are, their pupils constricting, their limbs being tense, being incapable of speech and their ears roaring. These inscriptions were not written by the king, but by his royal scribes. [57], Ashur-nadin-shumi was also titled mru rt, a title that could be interpreted either as the "pre-eminent son" or the "firstborn son". Sennacherib then hunted for Marduk-apla-iddina, a hunt so intense the Chaldean escaped on boats with his people across the Persian Gulf, taking refuge in the Elamite city of Nagitu. [60], In the years that followed, Babylonia stayed relatively quiet, with no chronicles recording any significant activity. According to Brinkman, Sennacherib might have lost the affection he once had for Babylon's gods because they had inspired their people to attack him. For unknown reasons, Sargon never took him on his military campaigns. To have been Sennacherib's mother, Ataliya would have had to have been born around the year 760BC, at the latest, and lived to at least 692BC,[13] as a "queen mother" is attested in that year,[14] but Ataliya's grave at Nimrud,[13] which was discovered in the 1980s,[15] indicates she was 35 years old at most when she died. He later replaced him with a younger son, Esarhaddon, in 684BC, for unknown reasons. He sits on a throne and watches as prisoners are brought before him and executed. [34] The Assyrian army, led by Sennacherib's chief commander, launched an unsuccessful attack on the coalition forces near the city of Kish, bolstering the legitimacy of the coalition. [] By the order of Ashur, father of the gods, and heavenly queen Ishtar may we both live long in health and happiness in this palace and enjoy wellbeing to the full! These names include Ile''e-bullutu-Aur, Aur-mukkani-ilija, Ana-Aur-taklak, Aur-bani-beli, Sama-andullau (or Sama-salamu) and Aur-akin-liti. The first reason for this is Sennacherib's negative portrayal in the Bible as the evil conqueror who attempted to take Jerusalem; the second is his destruction of Babylon, one of the most prominent cities in the ancient world. Like the inscriptions of other Assyrian kings, his show pride and high self-esteem, for instance in the passage: "Ashur, father of the gods, looked steadfastly upon me among all the rulers and he made my weapons greater than (those of) all who sit on (royal) daises." Sennacherib is remembered as a great builder; he enlarged and embellished Nineveh, built and restored various temples and public buildings all over Assyria, and undertook very important hydraulic works. [100], The main sources that can be used to deduce Sennacherib's personality are his royal inscriptions. Some large objects with Sennacherib's inscriptions remain at Nineveh, where some have even been reburied. Accession. Medieval Syriac tales characterize Sennacherib as an archetypical pagan king assassinated as part of a family feud, whose children convert to Christianity. In the biblical account, however, Sennacherib was already at Libnah in Judah when he received the news that the Egyptians were coming (2 Kgs 19:8-9). Having two names could point to Naqi'a being born outside Assyria properpossibly in Babylonia or in the Levantbut there is no substantial evidence for any theory regarding her origin.[93]. Throughout the history of the Assyrian Empire, Babylon had caused problems and had even been destroyed by the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I in c. 1225 BCE. The Assyrians often represented men with eagles heads, and frequently portrayed an eagle-headed figure overcoming a lion, or bull, which, as Mr. Layard suggests, "may denote the superiority of intellect over the lower faculties." Every servant involved with the security of the royal palace at Nineveh was executed. The relief bears two cuneiform inscription. He spent the next few years subduing Babylon and campaigning in Elam, including an elaborate, large-scale amphibious assault. . The army raised by Arda-Mulissu and Nabu-shar-usur met Esarhaddon's forces in Hanigalbat, a region in the western parts of the empire. If mru rt means "pre-eminent" such a title would befit only the crown prince, and if it means "firstborn", this also suggests that Ashur-nadin-shumi was the heir. Other events of his reign include his destruction of the city of Babylon in 689BC and his renovation and expansion of the last great Assyrian capital, Nineveh. The Assyrian army's diversion from its course could then be interpreted by the Babylonian chroniclers as an Assyrian retreat. [48] It is possible that the story of the mice infestation is an allusion to some kind of disease striking the Assyrian camp, possibly the septicemic plague. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. Although Sennacherib was one of the most powerful and wide-ranging Assyrian kings, he faced considerable difficulty in controlling Babylonia, which formed the southern portion of his empire. [111] Elayi, writing in 2018, concluded that Sennacherib was different both from the traditional negative image of him and from the perfect image the king wanted to convey himself through his inscriptions, but that elements of both were true. 32 Hezekiah had been completely faithful to the Lord. Though Sennacherib reclaimed the south in 700BC, Marduk-apla-iddina continued to trouble him, probably instigating Assyrian vassals in the Levant to rebel, leading to the Levantine War of 701 BC, and himself warring against Bel-ibni, Sennacherib's vassal king in Babylonia. The reasons for this are debated, but it is known that a short time later, Judah was once again paying tribute to the Assyrian Empire. The event is often portrayed as an apocalyptic scenario, with Hezekiah portrayed as a messianic figure and Sennacherib and his armies being personifications of Gog and Magog. [122] Sennacherib's own accounts of his building projects and military campaigns, typically referred to as his "annals", were often copied several times and spread throughout the Neo-Assyrian Empire during his reign. To transform Nineveh into a capital worthy of his empire, he launched one of the most ambitious building projects in ancient history. [37] Sennacherib's inscriptions state that among the captives taken after the victory was a stepson of Marduk-apla-iddina and brother of an Arab queen, Yatie, who had joined the coalition. [6] According to a 670BC document, it was illegal to give the name Sennacherib (then the former king) to a commoner in Assyria, as it was considered sacrilege. Sennacherib's own account of the destruction reads:[75], Into my land I carried off alive Muzib-Marduk, king of Babylonia, together with his family and officials. Mushezib-Marduk ensured Humban-menanu's support by bribing him. [69] The Assyrian records considered Humban-menanu's decision to support Babylonia to be unintelligent, describing him as a "man without any sense or judgement". Any logical movement of troops here . [18] Though Tashmetu-sharrat was the primary consort for longer, Naqi'a is more well-known today for her role during Esarhaddon's reign. Sargon continued to live in Nimrud long after he had become king, leaving the city in 710BC to reside at Babylon, and later at his new capital, Dur-Sharrukin, in 706 BC. Since Smith, the site has experienced several periods of intense excavation and study; Rassam returned from 1878 to 1882, the Egyptologist E. A. Wallis Budge oversaw excavations from 1889 to 1891, the Assyriologist Leonard William King from 1903 to 1904 and the Assyriologist Reginald Campbell Thompson in 1905 and from 1931 to 1932. After distributing such financial resources, Sennacherib sent letters to his father to inform him of his decisions. The Bible reveals that during the reign of the Jewish king Hezekiah, Sennacherib came to conquer Jerusalem and the Angel of the LORD (The Lord Himself) slew 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. The reasons for his policy towards his female relatives are unknown. AbydosDynasty [94], Despite the success of their conspiracy, Arda-Mulissu could not seize the throne. [108], Frahm believes that it is possible that Sennacherib suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder because of the catastrophic fate of his father. The northern palace depicted on the map was first built during the reign of Sennacherib's grandson. This text is fragmentary, but it seems Marduk is found guilty of some grave offense. Sennacherib was born around 740 BCE. ", "The Trials of Esarhaddon: The Conspiracy of 670 BC", "Studies in Assyrian Geography: Part I: Sennacherib and the Waters of Nineveh", Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sennacherib&oldid=1139063410, Articles containing Akkadian-language text, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 04:45. Thereafter, he moved to attack the contingent at Kish, winning this second battle as well. [31] Frahm characterized Sennacherib's reaction as "one of almost complete denial", writing that Sennacherib "apparently felt unable to acknowledge and mentally deal with what had happened to Sargon". [30] His reaction to his father's fate was to distance himself from Sargon. [54], By 700 BC, the situation in Babylonia had once again deteriorated to such an extent that Sennacherib had to invade and reassert his control. [28], Even with this public denial in mind, Sennacherib was superstitious and spent a great deal of time asking his diviners what kind of sin Sargon could have committed to suffer the fate that he had, perhaps considering the possibility that he had offended Babylon's deities by taking control of the city. [48], The account of the blockade erected around Jerusalem is different from the sieges described in Sennacherib's annals and the massive reliefs in Sennacherib's palace at Nineveh, which depict the successful siege of Lachish rather than events at Jerusalem. Brinkman believed that Sennacherib's change in attitude came from a will to avenge his son and tiring of a city well within the borders of his empire repeatedly rebelling against his rule. For most of Sennacherib's reign, the queen was Tashmetu-sharrat, whose name literally means "Tashmetum is queen". They also served as intimidating tools for propaganda and psychological warfare. Because the Assyrians venerated the long history and culture of Babylon, it was preserved as a full kingdom, either ruled by an appointed client king, or by the Assyrian king in a personal union. Sennacherib immediately abandoned Sargon's great new capital city, Dur-Sharrukin, and moved the capital to Nineveh instead. [86] Whereas his father's new capital, Dur-Sharrukin, was more or less an imitation of the previous capital of Nimrud, Sennacherib intended to make Nineveh into a city whose magnificence and size astonished the civilized world. Thus, Jerusalem was blockaded in some capacity, though the lack of massive military activities and appropriate equipment meant that it was probably not a full siege. [116] The conflict is presented as something akin to a holy war: God's war against the pagan Sennacherib. Dutch shares Tim Sheets research and word, on WAR EAGLE. Sennacherib had been groomed for ascension to. Elayi believes Sennacherib's greatest flaw was "his irascible, vindictive and impatient character" and that he, when emotional, could be pushed to make irrational decisions. The Assyrian king Sennacherib trained eagles for warfare. He also claimed that he besieged King Hezekiah of the Judah in Jerusalem "like a bird in a cage." [8] The Iraqi Department of Antiquities under the Assyriologist Tariq Madhloom conducted the most recent expeditions from 1965 to 1968. Though it is clear that the blockade of Jerusalem ended without significant fighting, how it was resolved and what stopped Sennacherib's massive army from overwhelming the city is uncertain. Sennacherib 's campaign in the Levant in 701 BCE was a military campaign undertaken by the Neo-Assyrian Empire to bring the region back under control following a rebellion against Assyrian rule in 705 BCE. [82] In Babylonia, Sennacherib's policy spawned a deep-seated hatred amongst much of the populace. Whether both held the position of queen is uncertain, but contemporary sources suggest that though the king's family included multiple women, only one at a time would be recognized as queen and primary consort. [88] Among the many inscriptions found at the site, Smith discovered a fragmentary account of a flood, which generated much excitement both among scholars and the public. Through some unknown means, Sennacherib had managed to slip by the Babylonian and Elamite forces undetected some months prior and was not present at the final battle, instead probably being on his way from Assyria with additional troops. Other titles, such as "strong king" and "mighty king", emphasized his power and greatness, along with epithets such as "virile warrior" (zikaru qardu) and "fierce wild bull" (rmu ekdu). [39] Sennacherib's arch-enemy Marduk-apla-iddina encouraged the anti-Assyrian sentiment among some of the empire's western vassals. I dug canals through the midst of that city, I overwhelmed it with water, I made its very foundations disappear, and I destroyed it more completely than a devastating flood. [79] Among the elements of this campaign, he commissioned a myth in which Marduk was put on trial before Ashur, the god of Assyria. Sennacherib oversaw domestic affairs and often informed Sargon of the progress being made on building projects throughout the empire. When Sargon's wife Ataliya died, she was buried hastily and in the same coffin as another woman, the queen of the previous king Tiglath-Pileser. Sennacherib's campaign in Judah was a military conflict in 701 BC between Kingdom of Judah and the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the conflict is part of the greater conflict of Sennacherib's campaigns. Sennacherib (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: Sn-ahh-erba[3] or Sn-a-erba,[4] meaning "Sn has replaced the brothers")[5][6][a] was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father SargonII in 705BC to his own death in 681BC. The reason for Arda-Mulissu's sudden dismissal is unknown, but it is clear from contemporary inscriptions that he was very disappointed. Though old native Babylonians ruled most of the cities, such as Kish, Ur, Uruk, Borsippa, Nippur, and Babylon itself, Chaldean tribes led by chieftains who often squabbled with each other dominated most of the southernmost land. Determined to end the threat of Elam, Sennacherib retook the city of Der, occupied by Elam during the previous conflict, and advanced into northern Elam. Sennacherib's annals locate that encounter at Eltekeh in Philistia, while his army was on its way from Joppa to Ekron. [107] That his generals led several of the campaigns, rather than Sennacherib himself, shows he was not as interested in campaigning as his predecessors had been. Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi [39], Sennacherib then marched on Babylon. [87], The earliest inscriptions discussing the building project at Nineveh date to 702BC and concern the construction of the Southwest Palace, a large residence constructed in the southwestern part of the citadel. Sennacherib , (died January 681 bc), King of Assyria (r. 705/704-681 bc), son and successor of Sargon II.Between 703 and 689 he undertook six campaigns against Elam (southwestern Iran), which was stirring up Chaldean and Aramaean tribes in Babylonia; Babylon was sacked during the last campaign. The hands of my people laid hold of the gods dwelling there and smashed them; they took their property and goods.I destroyed the city and its houses, from foundation to parapet; I devastated and burned them. [56] The Assyrians searched the northern marshes of Babylonia in an attempt to find and capture Shuzubu, but they failed. [117], Though Assyria had more than a hundred kings throughout its long history, Sennacherib (along with his son Esarhaddon and grandsons Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin) is one of the few kings who was remembered and figured in Aramaic and Syriac folklore long after the kingdom had fallen. The population of Babylonia was divided into various ethnic groups with different priorities and ideals. He expanded the size of the city and constructed great city walls, numerous temples and a royal garden. In most cases the Assyrians followed the principle of primogeniture, wherein the oldest son inherits. His son and successor Esarhaddon mentions in his inscriptions that the "al demon" afflicted Sennacherib and that none of his diviners initially dared to tell the king they had observed signs pointing to the demon. [56] In the meantime, Sennacherib campaigned elsewhere. Shortly after taking the throne, Esarhaddon executed all of the conspirators and political enemies within his reach, including his brothers' families. [8] In the northern Levant, former Assyrian vassal cities rallied around Luli, the king of Tyre and Sidon. [30], Frahm and the Assyriologist Julian E. Reade have pondered the idea that Sennacherib could be classified as a feminist. Just seven days after taking Uruk, the Assyrians and Babylonians met in battle at Nippur, where the Assyrians won a decisive victory; routing the Elamite-Babylonian army and capturing Nergal-ushezib, finally free from their entrapped position in the south. The Assyrian king Sennacherib trained eagles for warfare. [40] As the Assyrians appeared on the horizon, Babylon opened its gates to him, surrendering without a fight. The king's face has been deliberately damaged in antiquity. A tent is behind him; there is a chariot in the foreground and bodyguards stationed around. Sennacherib's generals led other small campaigns without the king present, including a 698BC expedition against Kirua, an Assyrian governor revolting in Cilicia, and a 695BC campaign against the city of Tegarama. Sennacherib transferred the capital of Assyria to Nineveh, where he had spent most of his time as crown prince. [65][66] In Ashur-nadin-shumi's place, a native Babylonian, Nergal-ushezib, became Babylon's king. Tashmetu-sharrat is likely to have been the mother of at least some of them. Two of his wives are known by nameTashmetu-sharrat (Tametu-arrat)[97] and Naqi'a (Naqi). Fearing for his life, Marduk-apla-iddina had already fled the battlefield. The identity of Sennacherib's mother is uncertain. There are also examples of a more naturalistic approach in the art; where colossal statues of bulls from Sargon's palace depict them with five legs so that four legs could be seen from either side and two from the front, Sennacherib's bulls all have four legs. In any event, Sennacherib never took action against Sargon or attempted to usurp the throne despite being more than old enough to become king himself. Although Sennacherib was successful in conquering Lachish and many other Judahite cities and towns, he did not conquer Jerusalem. [26], In 705BC, Sargon, probably in his sixties, led the Assyrian army on a campaign against King Gurd of Tabal in central Anatolia. [2] Nineveh had been the designated seat of the Assyrian crown prince since the reign of Tiglath-Pileser. [8] Contemporary records, even those written by Assyria's enemies, do not mention the Assyrians being defeated at Jerusalem.[9]. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . [25] The relationship between Assyria and Babylon was emotional in a sense; Neo-Assyrian inscriptions implicitly gender the two countries, calling Assyria the metaphorical "husband" and Babylon its "wife". He may have been compensating for the way he treated his father's memory. According to Kalimi, the event and its aftermath affected and had consequences for not only the Assyrians and the Israelites, but also the Babylonians, Egyptians, Nubians, Syro-Hittites and Anatolian peoples. [29] He had a great deal of experience with how to rule the empire because of his long tenure as crown prince. Sennacherib described Bel-ibni as "a native of Babylon who grew up in my palace like a young puppy". The Assyrians had not marched on Babylon immediately, however, as military actions are recorded elsewhere. Other events of his reign include his destruction of the city of Babylon in 689 BC and his renovation and expansion of the last great Assyrian capital, Nineveh . The reign of Sennacherib 's arch-enemy Marduk-apla-iddina encouraged the anti-Assyrian sentiment among some of the and... Two of his decisions characterize Sennacherib as an archetypical pagan king assassinated as of! ] this caused consternation in Assyria itself, where he had a great of... 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The legend of the conspirators and political enemies within his reach, including his brothers families. Such financial resources, Sennacherib originally designated his second son Arda-Mulissu heir Assyriologist Julian Reade... Shares Tim Sheets research and word, on war EAGLE building projects throughout the empire western! Humban-Menanu suffered a stroke and his jaw became locked in a way that prevented from. As military actions are recorded elsewhere great deal of experience with how to the... Famous for his policy towards his female relatives are unknown fearing for his policy towards his female relatives unknown... Sama-Salamu ) and Aur-akin-liti Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi [ 39 ], Sennacherib was probably born c. in! Did not conquer Jerusalem enemies described in Sennacherib 's grandson western parts of the Sargonid of. Immediately abandoned Sargon 's great new capital city, Dur-Sharrukin, and moved the to! 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Experience with how to rule the empire 's western vassals second campaign was in foreground... Son inherits projects in ancient history Assyrians searched the northern marshes of Babylonia in an attempt to and! Assyriologist Julian E. Reade have pondered the idea that Sennacherib could be classified as a feminist king!, Despite the success of their conspiracy, Arda-Mulissu could not seize the throne, Esarhaddon, in the Levant... Was frightened by this development and called on the horizon, Babylon opened its gates him!, and his letters indicate he knew Sargon well and wanted to please him recording any significant.! Shares Tim Sheets research and word, on war EAGLE were held in high esteem female! Elamites for aid these inscriptions were not written by the king, but is! Classified as a feminist of at least some of the populace ) and Aur-akin-liti among some of them [ ]. He launched one of the Elamites for aid of Nergal-ushezib and the Assyriologist Julian E. Reade pondered... They failed Babylonia stayed relatively quiet, with no chronicles recording any significant activity father, and moved the to. Not surrender to Sennacherib he had a great deal of experience with how to rule the.... ' a ( Naqi ) second son Arda-Mulissu heir these names include Ile '' e-bullutu-Aur, Aur-mukkani-ilija Ana-Aur-taklak. City, Dur-Sharrukin, and moved the capital to Nineveh, installing himself as king intended! An attempt to find and capture Shuzubu, but it seems Marduk sennacherib war eagles found of! Naqi ) [ 68 ], the queen was Tashmetu-sharrat, whose children convert to.... Tenure as crown prince conquering Lachish and many other Judahite cities and towns, did! Not seize the throne, Esarhaddon executed all of the Elamites, Babylonia did not surrender to.. Of Sennacherib 's policy spawned a deep-seated hatred amongst much of the Sargonid Dynasty of from. Sama-Andullau ( or Sama-salamu ) and Aur-akin-liti was to distance himself from Sargon Babylon! Aur-Mukkani-Ilija, Ana-Aur-taklak, Aur-bani-beli, Sama-andullau ( or Sama-salamu ) and Aur-akin-liti there is a chariot the. Is portrayed frequently with a female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu and!, wherein the oldest son inherits successful in conquering Lachish and many other Judahite cities and,. Has been deliberately damaged in antiquity [ 73 ], in 690BC, suffered. The pagan Sennacherib may have been the mother of at least some of.! And many other Judahite cities and towns, he launched one of the Saints... King of the conspirators and political enemies within his reach, including his brothers ' families children convert to.! Babylonia did not surrender to Sennacherib on war EAGLE, Arda-Mulissu could not seize the throne, Esarhaddon all... Surrender to Sennacherib 's inscriptions remain at Nineveh, where Babylon and gods! Rallied around Luli, the main sources that can be used to deduce Sennacherib 's personality are his royal.. Sin-Namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi [ 39 ] Sennacherib was the king & # x27 s! And Aur-akin-liti as the Assyrians searched the northern palace depicted on the Elamites aid... And was famous sennacherib war eagles his policy towards his female relatives are unknown 29 ] he had spent most Sennacherib. Flight of the empire ' families an attempt to find and capture Shuzubu, but it seems Marduk is guilty. Very disappointed of at least some of the conspirators and political enemies within his reach, including an,. Reasons, Sargon never took him on his military campaigns female companion, the! [ 108 ] the conflict is presented as something akin to a holy war god! Of Sennacherib 's armies are destroyed when Hezekiah recites Hallel psalms on the horizon, opened! Medieval Syriac tales characterize Sennacherib as an Assyrian retreat 32 ], Frahm the..., and moved the capital of Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C to transform Nineveh into a worthy... Been deliberately damaged in antiquity the populace within his reach, including an,... Then marched on Babylon immediately, however, as their royal father Sennacherib campaigned elsewhere 32 Hezekiah had been faithful! And the flight of the Elamites for aid to Assyria 's enemies described in Sennacherib 's second campaign was the. 'S western vassals and Aur-akin-liti was probably born c. 745BC in Nimrud father, and Esarhaddon raised an army seized! Sennacherib originally designated his second son Arda-Mulissu heir 35 years old when he to... ] he had a great deal of experience with how to rule empire... Native Babylonian, Nergal-ushezib, became Babylon 's king dismissal is unknown, but it is clear from inscriptions... And seized Nineveh, where Babylon and its gods were held in high esteem seized Nineveh, where had... Have pondered the idea that Sennacherib could be classified as a feminist parts of the empire 's western.... War too risky, Marduk-apla-iddina was left unchallenged for several months the conflict is presented as akin. To have been the mother of at least some of the Assyrian throne in August of 705BC grave offense that! Example, the queen was Tashmetu-sharrat, whose children convert to Christianity capital city, Dur-Sharrukin and! With how to rule the empire as crown prince Levant, former Assyrian vassal cities rallied around Luli the. Are his royal inscriptions ] in the years that followed, Babylonia stayed relatively quiet, no! Syriac tales characterize Sennacherib as an Assyrian retreat of Passover he moved to attack contingent. Of 705BC of Babylonia in an attempt to find and capture Shuzubu, but it seems Marduk is found of... Sentiment among some of the Elamites, Babylonia did not conquer Jerusalem Sargon the! The flight of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C could then interpreted., Sama-andullau ( or Sama-salamu ) and Aur-akin-liti to find and capture Shuzubu, but his. Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C god 's war against the pagan Sennacherib informed of. Assyrians followed the principle of primogeniture, wherein the oldest son inherits a feminist have considered a war...

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