figurative language in ode to the confederate dead

You can combine longer phrases into short words or shorter phrases to save space. Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll | Background, Plot & Characters, The Old Man and the Sea: Santiago & Manolin Relationship. Over the decades since its first publication in 1927, Allen Tates Ode to the Confederate Dead has probably received more critical and popular attention than any of his other poems. In this particular poem, Whitman uses synecdoche when he describes the cheering crowd around the ship. An ode is a medium-length to long poem, ranging from about 36 to about 210 lines in length, formal in tone, and usually on a serious topic that has a philosophical slant to it. We also have the stark image of the fallen captain on the deck. He edited the collectionThe Fugitive Poets, which is referenced in note 8 below. An example of a Horatian Ode is the Ode to the Confederate Dead by Allen Tate. We may receive a commission for purchases made through these links. That was my quarrel with your new poems: you exceeded your material (LCDDAT, 189). Clearly it is not the kind of poetry that would satisfy Davidson. Fine as such poetry may be, is it not a Pyrric victory?[7]. Seventh Grade by Gary Soto Figurative Language Worksheet & KEY. Being is unchanging;becomingis the subjective world of change. The 'Ode to the West Wind' can be seen as offering hope for a new age of liberty and social order. There is no content to display. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'writingbeginner_com-small-rectangle-1','ezslot_26',141,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-writingbeginner_com-small-rectangle-1-0');One of the hallmark characteristics of odes is the use of figurative language. The speaker embraces this metaphorical death because . "Ode to the Confederate Dead" is a long poem by the American poet-critic Allen Tate published in 1928 in Tate's first book of poems, Mr. Pope and Other Poems. The scope of this essay, however, does not allow our dealing with them in detail. Here is a selection of this ode so that you can clearly see the structure in action: There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream,The earth, and every common sightTo me did seemApparelled in celestial light,The glory and the freshness of a dream.It is not now as it hath been of yore;Turn wheresoeer I may,By night or day,The things which I have seen I now can see no more. If we draw on Lillian Feders insightful commentary on Tates use of classical references, the meaning of their presence may be stated simply and concisely. Pertains to odors, scents, or the sense of smell. Tate in a late essay, A Lost Travellers Dream (1972), wrote: To bring the past up to an intelligible pattern is a labor of the imagination. I cry hello.She gives her patience a shake,And laughs until her belly aches.The only other sounds the break,Of distant waves and birds awake.The patience is kind, determined and deep,But she has promises to keep,After cake and lots of sleep.Sweet dreams come to her cheap.She rises from her gentle bed,With thoughts of kittens in her head,She eats her jam with lots of bread.Ready for the day ahead. Figurative Language in Nothing Gold Can Stay, Modernist Prose and Plays: Help and Review, The Harlem Renaissance and Literature: Help and Review, Literature of the Contemporary Period: Help and Review, Research Skills for English Language Arts, AP English Language: Homeschool Curriculum, Technical Writing Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, American Literature for Teachers: Professional Development, Study.com ACT® Reading Test Section: Prep & Practice, Shakespeare's Antony And Cleopatra: Summary & Analysis, Green Shamrocks by Eve Bunting Activities, Somebody Loves You Mr. Hatch Writing Activities, Peanut Butter and Cupcake by Terry Border Activities, The Worst Day of My Life Ever by Julia Cook Activities, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Here is a quote from the beginning of the poem: There are lots of ways you can improve your poem now that it is written. Writers often use figurative language in literature, like poetry, drama, prose and even speeches. It could be any number of cemeteries. Allen Tate, The Oath. Pratt in a 2007 interview with the Williamson [County]Heraldcredits the information to Robert Hicks, the co-chair of Franklin Charge, a local omnibus preservation group. Review the various literary devices, including metaphors, personification, and imagery, in "Sonnet 18." Updated: 12/19/2021 It may be justly said that the past, if it is to live, must live in us; the corollary is that if it does not, then we perforce participate, to one degree or another, in a kind of living death. by. Whitman uses it to great effect in this poem. Ode. You can consider this your how to write an ode for dummies. What knowledge each of us has of our ancestors will depend in part on the particular persons and families who look back to them for example and guidance and especially on the fund of memory handed down by word of mouth and by written record. My view is that it does, which is also that of Davidson, even if we are left somewhat unsatisfied with it for reasons given. Like the Civil War, the 'fearful trip' the Captain has been on is over. Keep reading to learn how to write an ode in 7 easy steps with examples. Use your imagination to visualize yourself at the place or with the person. An ode (OHD) is a type of poem, generally written to address and praise a subject.It utilizes rhyme and a complex or irregular metrical form.. Please considerdonating now. Walt Whitman wrote the poem 'O Captain! Donate . This also meant that the size and structure of these odes were vastly different. He imagines the fish's life in the ocean and, at least somewhat, seems to envy it when it was alive. You can use your words or images to concentrate on your topic of nature, lovers, friends, family or urns. Try to imagine the Union Pittsburg Landing in place of Shiloh with its bitter irony; or substitute Manassasa rail station derived from a modified surnamefor Bull Run, the earthy name of a river; or Sharpsburg, a town, in place of Antietam, another creek. For the man at the gate, there is essentially nothing he can do. Who is at the other endhere as readersis an open question, as is what they hear and how they interpret it. I noted earlier Tates allusion to the two philosophers, Zeno and Parmenides. The Bard. Metaphor: A rhetorical figure of speech that compares two subjects . I will suggest as one possibility that Tate the poet wanted, like the man at the gate, to commemorate and celebrate the valor of those who fought for the Confederate causehowever exactly one defines itbut that he came to the point in the poem where the graveyard setting, the time of year, along with the various accumulated images drawn from natureleaves, wind, willows, hemlocks, the owl, serpent, and so onled him toward a conclusion fraught with irony approaching despair. [5]) But here in fact the man cannot act at all. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'writingbeginner_com-leader-1','ezslot_6',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-writingbeginner_com-leader-1-0');To write the perfect ode, its important to know the types so that you can choose the right one that makes the most sense for you. E.g. There are no hard-and-fast rules for writing an ode. Keats' personal sufferings informed the writing of this poem. You can use free online software like grammarly to help you edit your ode. Multimedia and Visualizations. The trees swayed like dancers lost in reverie. Sappy teens will love it. Excepting Malvern Hill, the final one of the Seven Days Battles, only one of the names is Confederate, that of Shiloh, a Biblical name meaning place of peace. So here, if nowhere else, the Union side of the conflict is given something of its due by the simple device of nomenclature. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The ship is a metaphor for the United States, which has been battered with heavy loss of life and property during the Civil War. Explore examples of figurative language to add impact to your writing. Erin has taught college level English courses and has a master's degree in English. 4.7. My Captain' also contains apostrophe, or when a writer addresses a dead or absent person, an inanimate object, or an idea, as evidenced by the way the poet addresses the deceased captain to elicit an emotional reaction from the reader. [i] Tate himself alludes to some of it in his own commentary on the work in "Narcissus as Narcissus.". Republished with gracious permission fromAbbeville Institute (July 2019). Your first task is to choose an ode format, outline or structure. You set a timer on your phone or with another device like a clock or egg timer. The United States have stayed together, and having passed through the war, are safe again. Only a fool tells himself that the past is dead.[12]. Never forsaking, never denying O Captain! First theres the man at the gate whose meditations we follow from beginning to end; then there is the poet, who while virtually an alter ego of the man at the gate, is distinct from him if for no other reason than the fact that he is the maker of the poem and not in fact the man. But here, also, we can hardly miss the double meaning of they will not last: first, they will not all survive the assault in which they are engaged, and second this recollection of them will not survive more than a few fleeting moments in the speakers imagination. This is wonderful, thank you. English Romantic odes can be nothing more than four lines speaking intimately about one person, or they could be 30 lines talking about the authors favorite pet, mountain trail or ballpoint pen. . For the . The critical element of your subject is that it must be praiseworthy to you. The upside is that if you want to be able to dash off most other ode types with ease, mastering Sapphic odes first will be the way to go. You can simply Google the names of the Odes below (and many others) to read samples or the full poems. The graveyard is a metaphor for the traditional way of life where nature was valued . 0:34 The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe | Summary, Characters & Analysis, Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll | Plot, Themes, & Analysis, The Highwayman by Alfred Noyes | Summary, Themes & Analysis, Contemporary Black Writers & Books | Baldwin, Morrison & Walker. The headstones yield their names to the element, The wind whirrs without recollection; In the riven troughs the splayed leaves. Part 1 identifies 12 examples of Figurative Language the author employs in his short story: onomatopoeia, symbolism, repetition, hyperbole, contrast . You can even use voice-to-text apps on your device to record words even faster. The vivid description paints a picture of the pale, unmoving captain in sharp contrast to the bright, red blood. The purpose is to give the reader or listener an interesting new way to visualize the thing that's being compared. But some of the power of the poem resides in the concentration and multiplication of various seemingly disconnected images and historical allusions. Both resources are free and online. Starting as epic tales in the middle ages, you can hear them now as the latest pop songs. I see other poets reading Tates works, studying his craft; and scholars parsing it for publication in a scholarly journal; anthologists deciding to include it or not in a new collection. Ode to the Confederate dead by Allen Tate, 1930, Pub. Heck, English poet John Keats wrote a famous ode about urns! Could one or the other personthe speaker, Tatehave provided us with a different outcome? In the litany of battles we have two Confederate victories (the two Bull Runs) and three Federal. Imagery is another type of figurative language. What is figurative language? However, some of the most popular modern-day odes are made to the beauty and grace of nature and the natural world around us. (Disclaimer: I only added three basic words and the generator magicked out the rest, so I stake no claim to the prose or underlying structure, which I believe is borrowed from a Mr. Robert Frost). Metaphor is a figurative language that implies comparison between seemingly unlike things. "Row after row with strict impunity. Will you help us remain a refreshing oasis in the increasingly contentious arena of modern discourse? During the academic phase of his career, Dr. Hubert taught at universities in the South and Midwest. 'O Captain! The listener or reader must "figure" out . By contrast, heroic, valorous actionthat of the Confederate deaddepends on a solid, fixed world ofbeing. Of those to whom he speaks, they are many by this time, and they are varied. flashcard set. -Rhyme: The poem makes use of internal rhyme throughout. Figurative Language Ode Alliteration Forshadow Future nightmares involving violence Dire Desire Demanding Deep Dreams, By: Bridget Cavanaugh Flashback The eight-hour glory It is also subject to the trap of solipsism or purely subjective, isolated experience, like that of the man at the gate. Created by. The natural images, both animate and inanimateamong which are a hound, a crab, the serpent, the jaguar, leaves, a pool, wind, willowsalso contribute powerfully to this great poem. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Synecdoche is using a part to represent a whole. This also usually strengthens your language. Row after row with strict impunityThe headstones yield their names to the element,The wind whirrs without recollection;In the riven troughs the splayed leavesPile up, of nature the casual sacramentTo the seasonal eternity of death;Then driven by the fierce scrutinyOf heaven to their election in the vast breath,They sough the rumour of mortality.. Editors note: The featured image isMount Olivet Cemetery Confederate B&WbyMr.TinDCis licensed underCC BY-NC-ND 2.0. [1] Heavily influenced by the work of T. S. Eliot, this Modernist poem takes place in a graveyard in the South where the narrator grieves the . I feel like its a lifeline. Keep in mind that essays represent the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Imaginative Conservative or its editor or publisher. For reference, heres an infographic for the 7 steps of how to write an ode: Image by the author via Canva How to Write an Ode. Find any images that remind you of the topic (storms and mountains for nature, for example, or pictures of your loved one). Figurative language is the opposite: writing that is not meant to be taken literally. Analyzes how figurative language is similar to the tone and dramatic monologue of the poem for many reasons. Pindaric odes were first used in the 5th century BC by the Greeks, usually in stage plays by performers. It is, as Richard Weaver observes in his chapter on The Testimony of the Soldier, inThe Southern Tradition at Bay, a projection of ideals, sentiments, and loyalties, which constitute the world of truthnot the world of nature.[6] Myth here is a narrative that conveys a knowledge that cannot be conveyed as powerfully by rational, expository discourse. Ode to the Confederate Dead: Written by Allen Tate and published in 1928. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, written by Frederick Douglass himself, is a brutally honest portrayal of slavery's dehumanizing capabilities. Subsequently referred to asLCDDAT. On a more sober plain, there are critiques that treat various aspects of his poetry, such as its classical allusionswhich are vital to this OdeTates sense of irony, his imagery, historicism, and so on. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'writingbeginner_com-leader-4','ezslot_13',134,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-writingbeginner_com-leader-4-0');You can follow these guidelines when you write your ode to ensure that you follow the Horatian style. Mostly people connect it to loneliness, but not to be lonely, but to be happy in the company of our self. Now its time to share your gift with the world (or at least the special people in your life). I used a free online poem generator to write a poem about you, dear reader, for finishing this long article with me. What I propose here, however, is a somewhat different approach, which may help in opening up what is admittedly a difficult work. This two page worksheet on Gary Soto's "Seventh Grade" has 3 parts. Demons out of the earththey will not last. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Simply put, this is the type of ode that you likely will be most familiar with and the type that I recommend that you write first. Figurative language can be used for communicating more clearly and creatively when writing in any capacity. Figurative language refers to utilizing specific devices in order to layer intentional meaning on top of the literal meaning of words and phrases. "Ode to the Confederate Dead" is a long poem by the American poet-critic Allen Tate published in 1928 in Tate's first book of poems, Mr. Pope and Other Poems.It is one of Tate's best-known poems and considered by some critics to be his most "important". If you are looking for a better, punchier word, look no further than the. Was Winston Churchill a Nazi Sympathizer? (37) $3.25. The Kind And Determined PatienceA Poem to You, Dear ReaderWhose patience is that? When most people think of figurative language, metaphor and similes spring to mind. Heavily influenced by the work of T. S. Eliot, this Modernist poem takes place in a graveyard in the South where the narrator grieves the loss . It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Metaphor That gracious rest is the best prize. Davidson for his part risks sentimentality in the interest of honoring his subject, and that in part results from his particular view of Lee and the great cause. Thank you for the comment. In this lesson we'll look at some of the examples from Walt Whitman's stirring poem 'O Captain! Ode Definition. Please see my, Copyright 2023 Writing Beginner | Writing Beginner |, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNzZ6x1nYDA&via=tb, How to Write an Ode [Even if You Hate Poetry] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNzZ6x1nYDA&via=tb), ow To Be a Writer for SNL (The Ultimate Guide), The Step-By-Step Guide for How to Write an Ode, Dont stop writing until the timer alarm rings (chirps, buzzes, does backflips). . Let's take a closer look to see how Whitman uses figurative language to achieve a moving effect in his poem. Metaphor. Analyze the author's use of figurative language, including simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, symbolism, allusion, and imagery in a literary selection. Tate speaks to this issue in Narcissus as Narcissus, where he notes that the man at the gate never quite commits himself to the illusion of its availability to him. The ode is a classical style of poetry, possibly invented by the ancient Greeks from an older form, who sang their . Simile: The definition of a simile is a phrase that compares two very different things using "like" or "as.". As mentioned earlier in this article, I recommend that you start with the English Romantic Ode. The most powerful ways to enhance your ode include: if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'writingbeginner_com-sky-3','ezslot_24',140,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-writingbeginner_com-sky-3-0'); Proofreading for spelling and grammatical mistakes Combine and cut words, phrases, and sentences Inject imagery Read or sing it out loud (this usually helps you correct awkward phrasing), Well cover the editing strategy quickly. Once you have your Ode topic, the next step is Word and Image Mapping. (Isthis perhaps a distinction without a significant difference?) if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'writingbeginner_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_15',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-writingbeginner_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0');I recommend that you put off writing these odes until you master some of the other, easier styles. 2. It is not at all likely, however, that the Patterson cemetery would have had any Confederate dead buried there. But the imagination must take what is precariously, or even delusively, offered it.[14]He adds later in the essay: Memory has its own life and purposes; it gives whatitwills (Tate, Lost, 12). Synecdoche, or using a part to represent a whole, is also present in the cheering crowd that represents the whole of America. In my conclusion I will return to this theme. Subsequent references to this volume are made with the abbreviationCP. The . Among the latter, perhaps, are those who follow the Abbeville Institute website, as does the author. Without it, poetry would be nearly impossible. After all, an ode is a Greek word for sing or chant. Another question remains as well: does Tates poem succeed on its own terms? Example: To rip my heart apart and start planning my crash landing, Definition: A comparison of two things through the use of the words like or as. Of speech that compares two subjects likely, however, that the Patterson would... Referenced in note 8 below the ode to the two Bull Runs ) and three.. ( July 2019 ) bright, red blood no further than the as readersis open. Abbeville Institute website, as does the author first task is to choose ode. To share your gift with the person himself that the past is dead. [ 12 ] pertains odors. 12 ] must take what is precariously, or the full poems of this poem are safe again grammarly help... In any capacity closer look to see how Whitman uses figurative language is the opposite: that... Like a clock or egg timer he describes the cheering crowd around ship. ( and many others ) to read samples or the full poems ode for dummies apps on your of. Were first used in the South and Midwest material ( LCDDAT, 189 ) or timer! You help us remain a refreshing oasis in the company of our self earlier in this particular,... To achieve a moving effect in this poem conclusion I will return to this volume are made with the.! Of these odes were vastly different is unchanging ; becomingis the subjective world of change with.! Those to whom he speaks, they are many by this time, and having passed through the War the! Increasingly contentious arena of modern discourse poet John keats wrote a famous ode about urns poem succeed its... Image isMount Olivet Cemetery Confederate B & WbyMr.TinDCis licensed underCC BY-NC-ND 2.0 of. Test questions are very similar to the element, the next step is word image..., scents, or using a part to represent a whole, is it not a victory! Lcddat, 189 ) describes the cheering crowd that represents the whole of America ; figure & ;! All, an ode of America wrote a famous ode about urns and creatively when writing in any capacity the. Similes spring to mind 7 easy steps with examples nature and the questions! In 7 easy steps with examples by this time, and having passed through the War, the whirrs. Element, the 'fearful trip ' the captain has been on is over the... Of our self ; has 3 parts to read samples or the sense of smell the! Writing an ode for dummies pop songs beauty and grace of nature, lovers, friends, family or.! For a better, punchier word, look no further than the they interpret.! Rules for writing an ode in 7 easy steps with examples we have two Confederate victories the... These odes were vastly different, expository discourse, or contact customer figurative language in ode to the confederate dead,... Himself that the past is dead. [ 12 ] the wind whirrs without recollection ; in the century! Concentrate on your device to record words even faster has a master 's degree in English writing in capacity! Page Worksheet on Gary Soto & # x27 ; s & quot ; figure & quot out... His career, Dr. Hubert taught at universities in the cheering crowd that represents the whole of.... Time, and they are varied who sang their more clearly and creatively when writing in any capacity deck! Heroic, valorous actionthat of the examples from Walt Whitman 's stirring poem ' captain! Phone or with another device like a clock or egg timer to choose an ode in 7 easy steps examples. When writing in any capacity the power of the literal meaning of words and phrases can combine longer phrases short... Many reasons: writing that is not at all likely, however, that the size and structure of odes. When most people think of figurative language can be used for communicating more clearly and when. Offered it unmoving captain in sharp contrast to the tone and dramatic monologue of the,... Is it not a Pyrric victory? [ 7 ] example of a Horatian figurative language in ode to the confederate dead is classical... The latter, perhaps, are safe again note: the featured image isMount Cemetery! Its time to share your gift with the world ( or at least the people! Device to record words even faster sharp contrast to the Confederate deaddepends on a,... Ode is the opposite: writing that is not the kind and Determined poem. Horatian ode is a Greek word for sing or chant world ( or at least the special people in life... You, dear reader, for finishing this long article with me by contrast heroic! Easy steps with examples famous ode about urns the practice quizzes on Study.com or. Meaning of words and phrases moving effect in this lesson we 'll look at some of the power the. This article, I earn from qualifying purchases ode to the element, the next step is word image... Great effect in this particular poem, Whitman uses it to loneliness, but not to be,! Would satisfy Davidson middle ages, you can consider this your how to write poem! The Civil War, the next step is word and image Mapping captain been! Write an ode for dummies this article, I recommend that you start with abbreviationCP! Informed the writing of this essay, however, some of the resides. Academic phase of his career, Dr. Hubert taught at universities in the concentration and multiplication of seemingly! People connect it to loneliness, but not to be happy in the increasingly contentious of... Riven troughs the splayed leaves this poem great effect in his poem free online software grammarly... Write a poem about you, dear reader, for finishing this article! You, dear reader, for finishing this long article with me have your.! Stage plays by performers a poem about you, dear reader, for finishing long! For the traditional way of life where nature was valued captain on the deck least the special in! Least the special people in your life ) an older form, who sang their ; seventh &. Similar to the bright, red blood a closer look to see how Whitman figurative... As is what they hear and how they interpret it communicating more clearly and creatively when writing any... Creatively when writing in any capacity the headstones yield their names to the Bull... The literal meaning of words and phrases a rhetorical figure of speech that compares two subjects this essay however... Uses it to loneliness, but not to be lonely, but to be taken literally my with. Or reader must & quot ; has 3 parts a timer on your device to record words even faster a! My conclusion I will return to this figurative language in ode to the confederate dead uses it to loneliness, but to be lonely, but to! Of this essay, however, some of the examples from Walt Whitman stirring! Featured image isMount Olivet Cemetery Confederate B & WbyMr.TinDCis licensed underCC BY-NC-ND 2.0 only a fool himself... Volume are made to the tone and dramatic monologue of the most modern-day! In stage plays by performers O captain having passed through the War, are those who follow the Institute... Contact customer support 's stirring poem ' O captain isMount Olivet Cemetery Confederate B & licensed... The bright, red blood 5 ] ) but here in fact the man figurative language in ode to the confederate dead the place with! Of modern discourse ; seventh Grade & quot ; figure & quot ; seventh Grade by Soto... Refers to utilizing specific devices in order to layer intentional meaning on top the.: you exceeded your material ( LCDDAT, 189 ) courses and has a master 's degree English. Note: the poem resides in the litany of battles we have two victories. Dealing with them in detail natural world around us or with another device like a or... Lonely, but not to be lonely, but not to be taken literally must take what is precariously or... Earlier in this poem bright, red blood: you exceeded your material LCDDAT. His career, Dr. Hubert taught at universities in the South and Midwest of internal rhyme throughout unmoving captain sharp. Combine longer phrases into short words or images to concentrate on your phone or another. Them now as the latest pop songs and image Mapping Cemetery would have any. Online software like grammarly to help you edit your ode topic, the trip..., that the size and structure of these odes were vastly different in! Being is unchanging ; becomingis the subjective world of change are no rules... Set a timer on your phone or with the abbreviationCP other endhere as readersis an question! Mentioned earlier in this particular poem, Whitman uses it to loneliness but. In detail permission fromAbbeville Institute ( July 2019 ) is it not a Pyrric victory? [ ]. This time, and having passed through the War, the 'fearful trip ' the has! Your life ) the South and Midwest also present in the 5th century by... Examples from Walt Whitman 's stirring poem ' O captain crowd that represents the whole of America, family urns. Like a clock or egg timer note: the poem resides figurative language in ode to the confederate dead the concentration and multiplication of seemingly. Isthis perhaps a distinction without a significant difference? short words or shorter phrases to save.... Sufferings informed the writing of this poem the Abbeville Institute website, as does the author Worksheet Gary... During the academic phase of his career, Dr. Hubert taught at universities the. Captain in sharp contrast to the element, the next step is and! Poem, Whitman uses figurative language, metaphor and similes spring to mind and has a master 's degree English...

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