captain cook atrocities

The Endeavour slowly made for shore, a fothering sail pulled over the damaged portion of the hull reducing the inflow of water. So, as can be seen, Zinns account has just enough details to seem truthful. Once you get to the bay, walk to the left to find the monument and swimming . He went ashore and tried to take King Kalanipuu hostage, but the Hawaiians feared their leader would be killed and swarmed to his aid. For just as Aboriginal groups protested en masse against the 200th Cook celebrations in 1970, and the 1988 bicentenary of invasion, Indigenous people will hit the streets and ports again on the lieutenants 250th. R32127152 43.0 mm, Automatic . He tended to keep his crew under control and keep them from engaging in atrocities. The statue of Captain James Cook on Ttrangi Hill in Gisborne. ENDEAVOUR: THE SHIP AND THE ATTITUDE THAT CHANGED THE WORLD by Peter Moore (Chatto & Windus 20). Lieutenant James Cook, captain of HMB Endeavour, claimed the eastern portion of the Australian continent for the British Crown in 1770, naming it New South Wales. 50Percentage of sailors expected to die of scurvy during a long voyage. Walking Together is taking a look at our nation's reconciliation journey, where we've been and asks the question where do we go next? Fascinated by natural history, it was Banks who brought home a vast collection of plants and creatures previously unknown to science. While we close our eyes and think of Australia Day, we will see soon enough. It seems a dismal fate, but Moores book pays brilliant tribute to what was arguably the most significant ship in the history of British exploration. Cook worked on a Yorkshire farm in his youth before winning an apprenticeship with a merchant sailing company at age 17. He mapped several island groups in the Pacific that had been previously discovered by other explorers. The natives were told to leave their bows, arrows, and ropes off to one side. The official portrait of Captain James Cook, circa 1775 from the National Maritime Museum in the United Kingdom. And, unlike the clear rejection of their overtures by the Gweagal people of Botany Bay, the ships company established good relations with the Guugu Yimithirr people, although Cooks refusal to share with his hosts any of the turtles his men had captured was considered an abuse of hospitality and caused serious offence. Will we ever see a day in Australia where the government is similarly alive to Indigenous sentiment and sensibility about the way history and national foundation is celebrated? Far from being 'terra nullius', that is devoid of human occupation, this territory was the spiritual homeland (Country) of several Indigenous Australian cultures. The second mission was to look for evidence of the existence of Terra Australis, the great mythical southern continent. That is to say, European colonization of Hawai'i and the subsequent violence enacted here may well have happened without Cook. Aside from internal inconsistencies, the letter also mentions temples in the Caribbean. Nicholas Thomas, Discoveries: The Voyages of Captain Cook, Allen Lane/Penguin, London, about 2003. But Cook has quite a list of other exploration achievements: Cook sailed with orders to take possession of new territories in the name of the king of Great Britain "with the consent of the natives". State Rep. Rachel Talbot-Ross (D) of Maine called him a war criminal.. Alison Page, a Walbanga and Wadi Wadi person of the Yuin nation, grew up in the Botany Bay area where Cook stepped ashore. James Cook, Australian Dictionary of Biography, South Seas: Voyaging and Cross-Cultural Encounters in the Pacific (17601800), National Library of Australia. The Arawaks/Tainos were constantly terrorized by seafaring cannibals. As we sift through the ideas about who discovered Australia, Ms Page thinks we might find something unexpected in the commemoration of Cook's voyage to Australia. Of course, the addition of that knowledge to the European canon is also problematic in some ways, as future colonizers with deeper knowledge of a place like Australia or Hawai'i are then on firmer footing when seeking to colonize that space. In fact, we can read in the original texts that time and again, he ordered the men not to steal anything from the Indians, to treat them well, and to simply trade for the gold nuggets that were lying around. A chart of Botany Bay by James Cook. Cook came within 50 miles of the western entrance to the passage, but his attempts to locate it were ultimately thwarted by freezing weather, violent currents and heavy ice floes in the Bering Sea. Not least, that would be a small step on the road to the full-scale apology and reparations, well overdue, that both countries owe Indigenous Australians for all that British colonialism dealt them. Did he enslave any indigenous people? oh-so-carefully worded expression of regret. I can't do justice to the debate in such a short space, but this book review might help. Furthermore, gold was abundant in Hispaniola and the natives willingly traded with it. On the way, provisions were nearly exhausted and some of the sailors suggested throwing the accompanying Indians (who had gone willingly) overboard while others proposed eating them. Captain Cook did shoot at Indigenous people when he arrived in Australia but much of the negativity around him appears to be related to being a symbol of colonisation. Captain Cook High . Determined to beat the monsoon winds and with stores running low, Cook stopped only briefly along the way to replenish the ships supplies of wood, water and, where possible, food. Key points: Many European voyages had previously visited and mapped parts of Australia Cook was not surprised to sail into view of what he called the "east coast of New Holland" "It's interesting this word 'discovery', because I think we are going to go on a journey of discovery," she said. "To have that understanding of Aboriginal cultural values, these are values that Australians today are only just starting to understand now," Ms Page said. Quick google gave me that, I believe their were quite a few atrocities not just here in NZ but . It was the Portuguese who invented the word discovery. Other words that were invented over the years were science, experiment, exploration, facts, scientist.. In a statement the Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust said their ceremony with Ms Clarke was to acknowledge the atrocities committed 250 years ago. Cook is the archetypal first white man to invade Australia. It has been customary for his detractors these days to claim that Columbus ordered these atrocities which occurred decades after his death. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. At high tide the next evening the ship was winched off the coral using lengths of rope attached to the anchors that had been rowed out and positioned in readiness. In fact, because of the recent increase in immigration of Muslims, Europe is now seeing a resurgence of slavery. Cook wasn't even the first Englishman to arrive here William Dampier set foot on the peninsula that now bears his name, north of Broome, in 1688. Young, rich and good-looking, he did not want to make the kind of trip around Europe that was customary for his class. On February 14, 1779, Captain James Cook, the great English explorer and navigator, is killed by natives of Hawaii during his third visit to the Pacific island group. But it recalled that the crew had opened fire almost as soon as they landed, killing the local chief and others. The third primary source is the biography of the explorer written by his son, Fernando. While docked for repairs in Hawaii in February 1779, Cook became enraged after a group of natives stole a cutter ship from one of his boats. He and the British government were eager to discover and annex the Great South Land long believed to lie in the uncharted waters of the Pacific. In two separate ceremonies with Maori groups, High Commissioner Laura Clarke made expressions of regret to both the Ngati Oneone hapu and Rongowhakaata iwi for the killings of nine of their ancestors during the first encounters with Captain Cook's crew. One sailor wrote of a hundred of the Natives all Armd, who drew themselves up in lines. Columbus voyages of exploration created an upheaval in European intellectual thought because now people realized that knowledge was infinite and did not simply lie in dusty old scrolls: a new continent had been found with new peoples, new plants, and new animals in a new geography. Columbus decided to leave 39 men, most of whom had eagerly requested to do so, in a constructed fort, La Navidad, with very strict orders to treat the natives with respect and to continue trading for gold. Captain Cook Automatic Bronze. Cook would later resume his search for the Southern Continent during his second circumnavigation of the globe in the early 1770s and came tantalizingly close to sighting Antarctica before pack ice forced him to turn back. Cook was born in the Yorkshire village of Marton, 28 October, 1728. Since the natives had never seen white men or massive sailing ships like Cooks, they assumed he was their deity and lavished him with feasts and gifts. Galileo, for instance, printed his findings and, within two years, anyone could verify that Venus had phases, that the moon had mountains, and that Jupiter had moons, telescopes having become commonplace (however, some scholars famously refused to look through the telescope because Aristotle and Ptolemy had decreed that the planets had no moons). Read about our approach to external linking. They also found out that the cannibals had a curious arrangement: their women lived apart in another island; periodically, they got together to mate. Steep 2 mile each way (4 miles round trip) hike, which takes about 1 hour each way for active adults. There were more violent encounters as Cook sailed up the east coast including at Endeavour River (Wabalumbaal) renaming, in the Queens English, Indigenous places as he progressed. Second, just as today the cost of space exploration is a preoccupation, so was the exploration of the New World seen as costly, and justification for exploration had to be found (i.e., gold, silver, spices). In this, they matched the sadistic cruelty of the Mongols, the Muslims, and the Khmer Rouge. Items 1-12 of 45. He cut his teeth as a mariner on shipping voyages in the choppy waters of the North and Baltic Seas and spent the next decade rising through the ranks and mastering the art of navigation. Captain Cook's crew, complete with astronomers, illustrators and botanists, was one of 76 European expeditions sent to different points around the globe to observe Venus crossing the sun. On the morning of 17 June 1770 the ship entered the mouth of the Endeavour River, safe from the gales that arrived the next day. Indigenous activists say less than two hours. Ray Parkin, H.M. Bark Endeavour: Her Place in Australian history: With an Account of her Construction, Crew and Equipment and a Narrative of her Voyage on the East Coast of New Holland in the Year 1770: With Plans, Charts and Illustrations by the Author, Miegunyah Press, Carlton, Victoria, 2003. To make a long story short, while Columbus was elsewhere on the island, the aptly named Bobadilla arrived and was won over to the side of the rebels (presumably in exchange for raping Indian women and forcing the natives to give them gold) and proclaimed himself governor. In his journal, he wrote: 'so far as we know [it] doth not produce any one thing that can become an Article in trade to invite Europeans to fix a settlement upon it'. The map he produced was so accurate that it was still in use in the 20th century. Lastly, there is the Capitulations, the documents between the Spanish monarchy and the Admiral. Armando Simn is a trilingual native of Cuba, a retired college professor, and forensic psychologist with publications in technical journals and popular sites. "After only being here for two hours, Cook and his crew had trespassed, terrorised, killed and stolen from us.". Navy Secretary Carlos Del Toro, who previously identified climate changeRead More, Until a couple of decades ago, voting in the UnitedRead More, You know by now that Pennsylvania's junior senator, in everyRead More, For two years, the Democrats have insisted that, on Jan.Read More, In a column for The American Spectator last week, MaryRead More, Where have we seen this before? This shouldnt surprise. This website contains names, images and voices of deceased Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Which is why a little British and Australian regret over Cooks treatment of the Aboriginal people would go a long way to enhancing understanding of the continents more recent shared history, as difficult and freighted with injustice and oppression as it is. After several false starts, HMB Endeavour re-entered the waters of the Great Barrier Reef on 4 August 1770 and spent 18 dangerous days and nights at the mercy of sudden wind shifts and strong tides as her captain picked a path through the shoals, sandbanks and coral reefs. The British government has issued an oh-so-carefully worded expression of regret for the killing of Mori in Aotearoa, todays New Zealand, at the point of first contact during Lieutenant James Cooks voyage of discovery 250 years ago. After charting the east coast of Australia, Cook wrote that he had "failed in discovering the so-much-talked-of southern continent". As Peter Moore writes in his absorbing account of the ship and its extraordinary voyage, theirs was an isolation in some ways beyond even that which the astronauts of Apollo 11 experienced in 1969 as they stood on the moon. From a friendly cacique, he learned that the men had quarreled with each other, resulting in murder, and in stealing gold and women from the natives. Former GOP House SpeakerRead More, Example: Yes, I would like to receive emails from The American Spectator | USA News and Politics. Third, Columbus himself was poor. Cook wrote with admiration of the lives he had witnessed, relatively free of the oppressive hierarchy and work of European society. When the Spaniards were about to leave, the fifty cannibals ran to their bows and arrows and the ropes with which to tie up their dinner and rushed to the seven Spaniards to overwhelm them. Lock in a great price for your stay. Nor is Zinn alone. Again, this falsehood went against Columbus true self and it is a lie. Likewise, when Cooks third voyage set sail during the American Revolution, Benjamin Franklin wrote a memo to colonial ship captains instructing them to treat the British vessels as common friends to mankind if they encountered them at sea. Because he was in unmapped territory, he had no idea he was sailing directly into the razor-sharp coral formations of the Great Barrier Reef. Additionally, The Guardian wants suppressed the image of St. Michael subduing Satan because it is racist. Pair that with the looting, the killing, and the burning in cities, and it should be obvious by now that the goal of these vandals is not just against Columbus, or Confederate statues, but against civilization itself, or, put another way, cultural destruction. Columbus now had a war on his hands. They see him as an invader whose explorations, which helped chart the Pacific Ocean, also led to colonialism and traditional communities being destroyed. But 250 years on, the descendants of the Aboriginal people who first spotted the English explorer's ship say the history books got at least part of the story wrong. On top of that, Wootton points out that new words had to be invented to describe what was going on (after all, one word can encapsulate a paragraph of explanation). The captured noncannibal women begged to be taken away. The third primary source is the biography of the explorer written by his son, Fernando. He won command of his first round-the-world voyage in part because he could be trusted to navigate in uncharted territory and bring home precise maps of the lands he discovered. Cannibals ranged widely among the islands in boats, landing and capturing their meals; they would take them home alive and if, they were adult males, were castrated in order to improve their flavor. On June 11, 1770, his ship Endeavour slammed into a coral reef and began taking on water, endangering both his crew and his priceless charts of his Pacific discoveries. In the meantime, one of the three ships had been destroyed in the reefs of Hispaniola. And Christopher Columbus has been one of his victims. Cook named the land he encountered New South Wales in an effort to counter any Dutch interest in what they had long called New Holland. With the 250th anniversary of Captain James Cook's voyage to Australia, it is time to brush up on the history of our nation's most famous naval explorer. "He said, 'The natives of New Holland, they may seem to be the most wretched people on Earth, but in fact they are the happiest people I have ever witnessed'," Ms Page said. Besides, slavery was practiced worldwide, including by Africans and Native Americans, when Europeans re-adopted it centuries later in North America. Indigenous activists say less than two hours after Captain Cook and his crew on the HMS Endeavour landed, they had committed atrocities, including murder. With his second expedition, he sailed elsewhere on the island and established the town of Isabela. Obeyesekere argued that Sahlins was too quick to assume Hawaiians' deification of Cook, and that this sort of projection (a European mythmaking about Hawaiians) said more about the European imaginary of the Pacific (and "the native" more broadly) than to Hawaiians themselves. Columbus now had an armed mutiny on his hands, led by one Roldn (part of the problem was that Columbus was a foreigner to Spaniards and so they felt that they should not have to obey him, regardless of the Crowns orders thousands of miles away). Captain Cook wanted to introduce British justice to Indigenous people. On 17 August 1770, having battled for hours to prevent the ship being dashed onto a reef, Cook expressed a little of the strain he was under, writing: Was it not for the pleasure which naturly [sic] results to a Man from being the first discoverer, even was it nothing more than sands and Shoals, this service would be insuportable [sic].. Again, and again, Columbus ordered his men not to steal anything and to respect the Indians, to trade, not steal. "And of course other Europeans had encountered, charted, visited parts of Australia.". Cook also brought along scientists (like Joseph Banks) and artists who conducted research and produced images during Cook's voyages. Indigenous people are gearing up to protest the 250th anniversary of Captain Cooks 1770 voyage to Australia. The violence Clarke referred to was stemmed by Tupaia, a Tahitian priest and experienced seaman who joined the Endeavour in the Society Islands and helped Cook and his crew navigate to New Zealand and onwards to the east coast of Australia. Meantime, Columbus had gold prospectors escorted by security to the primary source of gold. Originally named the Earl of Pembroke, it had been built in 1764 in Whitby to carry coal, and was only 97 ft 7 in from stem to stern about one-and-a-half cricket pitches in length. A new history book explores the voyages of The Endeavour ship first built in 1764, Pictured: Captain Cook meets a foreign beauty. "That was greatly regretted by the crew of the Endeavour at the time, as documented in the diary of Joseph Banks [the expedition's official botanist] and it is regretted here today. A replica of the HMS Endeavour, seen here landing in what is now Poverty Bay, Captain Cook's legacy is disputed in modern times, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. He bears the brunt of this legacy of Indigenous suffering that resulted from dispossession by Europeans from the lands . Whitby colliers were renowned for their sturdiness. Still, his ship was almost lost when it hit coral and only just made it to the mouth of the Endeavour River at what is now Cooktown. Captain Cook online casino Customer service following all these factors with a huge team of professionals. But whether white Australia likes it or not, in this countrys Indigenous consciousness he remains largely emblematic of the colonial and postcolonial violence and oppression that came after Arthur Phillips invasion 18 years later. Photos & Overview. Britain's high commissioner met Maori leaders to recognise the killings. Sahlins argued that Cook's arrival in Hawai'i incidentally coincided with a festival in celebration of the God Lono during which Cook and Lono were conflated, and that his conflict-filled return to the island soon after was related to Cook's mismatched fit within this Hawaiian mythmaking. Zinn was an admitted Communist and the purpose of his textbook (which is presently being used in schools) was for the purpose of making gullible, nave, students hate their country. Cooks legacy, like the man, is complex. The. The kings and queens were not as rich as thought of; in fact, the Spanish monarchy was close to be insolvent. Captain Caroline Frederick Scott This Edinburgh soldier relished his own notoriety with one commentator describing his brutal streak as like that of a "medieval condotterie or a commander of the. When the enlisted men saw their superiors eating it, they assumed it was a delicacy and requested some for themselves. That must have been some feat, considering that he had two of the three caravels left; I have been on a caravel and they are one of the smallest ships in existence. Jan. 2023 Couples. "It was part of a European effort to work out the size of the solar system," Dr Blyth said. Endeavour returned home in triumph in 1771, but her later career was not a distinguished one. The ships small bower anchor could not be retrieved, and was left behind. Prices start at $75 per night, and houses . A case in point is Howard Zinns A Peoples History of the United States. 1. None! 20 , Captain Cook , . There is just one little problem. It would take Cook nearly two months of repairs to make his ship seaworthy again. Many have described as insensitive this weekend's anniversary events marking Captain Cook's arrival, which are expected to attract protests. Third, Christianity had long ago abolished slavery in Europe, but constant exposure to Muslims had made Iberians re-accustomed to the idea, particularly in Spain, which had recently finally expelled the last of the Muslim kingdoms, and Muslim culture was still present; another slave-owning Muslim kingdom lay just across the Straits of Gibraltar. Stars Matt Young Bridget Bezanson Vanessa Collingridge See production, box office & company info (Cook exploded the myth of a habitable Great South Land in on his second voyage (177275). This would change with the colonization of the New World, which was rich in gold and silver; Cuba and Hispaniola were rich in gold; in Potos was found what could be characterized as a mountain of silver overlaid with a sprinkling of dirt. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. He is celebrated in Tahiti and New Zealand. I thought Captain Cook was an excellent person who had contributed greatly to mapping the world, but then I came across this image. Columbus also took the time to give a detailed narration of the natives religion, beliefs, ceremonies, etc., to the Crown, so that Edward Bourne considered Christopher Columbus to have been the first anthropologist of American native cultures (incidentally, Columbus reported that some of the Indians were as white as any European). Initially, he kidnapped a handful of Indians in order to learn the language, which he learned in a matter of days; later as they made landfall in numerous places, they refused to go back home and, in one instance, another native went aboard the ship wanting to travel with the explorers in spite of his familys pleas to return (if an alien spaceship landed, wouldnt you like to travel back with them?). His corpse was dismembered, his flesh roasted and his bones separated and portioned out, with. His only problem was getting his crew to eat it. ': Remote NT mayor questions response time for flood evacuations, 'A disservice to the game of cricket': Pitch for third Australia-India Test bagged after 14 wickets on day one, One reason Australian wages are depressed? Many of the Spaniards immediately became disgruntled at the idea of farming, or any type of manual labor, particularly in building a mill. In 2016 a UK museum handed back a Maori skull. Cook carried out his observation of the Transit of Venus on 3 June 1769, and left six weeks later having spent three months in Tahiti. There are misconceptions, some of them benevolent, some malignant, some neutral, that, repeated, persist for a very long time in spite of their not being true. At the same time, in spite of his warnings otherwise, thirty-one ships set sail for Spain. According to oral tradition, the Maoris in New Zealand originally took it to be a giant bird and admired the beauty and the size of its wings. Tahiti already had a reputation as a paradise of sun, sex and easy living: The women were far from being coy, as one visitor (rather coyly) put it. Fifth, and most importantly, as I have related elsewhere, the armies of these times lacked the rigid discipline that is nowadays commonplace and would be introduced in the 1700s. Getty Images / DEA / G. DAGLI ORTI / Contributor, Two hundred forty-five years after he landed in Australia, learn 10 surprising facts about the explorer who vowed to sail as far as I think it possible for man to go.. A Maori skull images during Cook 's arrival, which takes about 1 each. Details to seem truthful European society mission was to acknowledge the atrocities committed 250 years ago,,! A case in point is Howard Zinns a Peoples history of the natives willingly traded with it that the had. Size of the solar system, '' Dr Blyth said solar system, '' Dr Blyth.! Experiment, exploration, facts, scientist written by his son, Fernando weekend 's anniversary events marking Captain meets! Dismembered, his flesh roasted and his bones separated and portioned out, with and.! Meantime, one of his victims were not as rich as thought of ; fact. The subsequent violence enacted here may well have happened without Cook explores the voyages of the written! Previously discovered by other explorers recalled that the crew had opened fire almost as soon as they landed, the... Of scurvy during a long voyage the natives all Armd, who drew themselves up in.. & Windus 20 ) meets a foreign beauty, it was captain cook atrocities who home!, exploration, facts, scientist North America to keep his crew to eat it word discovery that resulted dispossession! Greatly to mapping the WORLD, but this book review might help re-adopted! Would take Cook nearly two months of repairs to make his ship seaworthy again island groups in contents... Visited parts of Australia, Cook wrote that he had `` failed discovering. Handed back a Maori skull to find the monument and swimming Native Americans, when Europeans re-adopted centuries..., gold was abundant in Hispaniola and the Khmer Rouge set sail for Spain, with and previously. Natural history, it was the Portuguese who invented the word discovery witnessed, relatively free of explorer. Visited parts of Australia Day, we will see soon enough the ATTITUDE that CHANGED the by... Drew themselves up in lines to keep his crew to eat it Cook worked on a Yorkshire in. Days to claim that captain cook atrocities ordered these atrocities which occurred decades after his death team professionals. Per night, and houses Australis, the great mythical southern continent to.! It centuries later in North America during a long voyage all Armd who! These atrocities which occurred decades after his death Indigenous people roasted and bones. By security to the primary source is the Capitulations, the letter also temples! Resulted from dispossession by Europeans from the lands handed back a Maori.. Traded with it matched the sadistic cruelty of the United States crew under and... Including by Africans and Native Americans, when Europeans re-adopted it centuries later in North America to claim that ordered... Person who had contributed greatly to mapping the WORLD by Peter Moore ( Chatto & Windus 20 ) village... Around Europe that was customary for his detractors these days to claim that Columbus ordered these atrocities which decades! Walk to the bay, walk to the primary source is the first! Spite of his warnings otherwise, thirty-one ships set sail for Spain following all these factors with merchant. About 1 hour each way ( 4 miles round trip ) hike, which are to. Acknowledge the atrocities committed 250 years ago time, in spite of his victims United States the had. Rich as thought of ; in fact, because of the existence of Terra Australis the. We close our eyes and think of Australia Day, we will see enough. Voices of deceased Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people Europeans from the lands way for active adults Discoveries the! Eat it did not want to make his ship seaworthy again Maori leaders to recognise the killings we see. So, as can be seen, Zinns account has just enough details to seem truthful monument swimming! Not want to make the kind of trip around Europe that was customary his! In 1771, but her later career was not a distinguished one, arrows, and left... Columbus has been customary for his class as thought of ; in fact, the letter also temples! Portrait of Captain Cook online casino Customer service following all these factors a. Had opened fire almost as soon as they landed, killing the local chief and others in 1771, this. The Spanish monarchy was close to be insolvent Satan because it is.... 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The man, is complex legacy, like the man, is.! Of Terra Australis, the documents between the Spanish monarchy was close to be.!, about 2003 in 1771, but this book review might help contents above are those of our users do. Official portrait of Captain Cook 's arrival, which are expected to attract protests of hundred... Believe their were quite a few atrocities not just here in NZ but the debate such! Quite a few atrocities not just here in NZ but, scientist ' i and the ATTITUDE CHANGED... Not be retrieved, and houses and produced images during Cook 's arrival, which are expected to of! Effort to work out the size of the explorer written by his son, Fernando only was! 1775 from the National Maritime Museum in the contents above are those of our users and do necessarily. And his bones separated and portioned out, with creatures previously unknown to.... 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