yellowstone caldera eruption prediction

The magmatic system at depth remains active and drives the massive hydrothermal circulation, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands). Immediately after and for some years they may be difficult to live in if not impossible but they will survive. Many aspects of our daily lifeare vulnerable to volcano hazards,including air travel, regionalpower generation and transmissioninfrastructure, interstatetransportatio, Yellowstone, one of the worlds largest active volcanic systems, has produced several giant volcanic eruptions in the past few million years, as well as many smaller eruptions and steam explosions. GPS is used to measure horizontal and vertical motions at a specific site, while InSAR measures a large area at one point in time. Tephra can range in size from tiny particles of ash to house-size boulders. The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) is a partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Yellowstone National Park, the University of Utah, the University of Wyoming, UNAVCO, the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, the Idaho Geological Survey, and the Wyoming State Geological Survey. Hydrothermal explosions are very small; they occur in Yellowstone National Park every few years and form a crater a few meters across. Many volcanoes go through cycles of activity and inactivity, Poland said. Why the Yellowstone Supervolcano Could Be Huge Smithsonian Channel 4.03M subscribers Subscribe 35K 5.3M views 7 years ago One of the world's largest supervolcanoes erupted 2.1 million years ago. An official website of the United States government. Millions of people would die, in the immediate . The caldera system has had plenty of smaller . ThisEarthWord is straight up steampunk New study investigates groundwater from the air, Executive SummaryThe Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) is a consortium of nine Federal, State, and academic agencies that: (1) provides timely monitoring and hazards assessment of volcanic, hydrothermal, and earthquake activity in and around Yellowstone National Park, and (2) conducts research to develop new approaches to volcano monitoring and better understand volcanic activity in the Yellow, The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) monitors volcanic and hydrothermal activity associated with the Yellowstone magmatic system, conducts research into magmatic processes occurring beneath Yellowstone Caldera, and issues timely warnings and guidance related to potential future geologic hazards. We will have time to prepare and it wont be happening anytime soon. Two of these areas produced large . What is a supervolcano? Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Numerous smaller eruptions took place . As at many caldera systems around the world, small earthquakes, ground uplift and subsidence, and gas releases at Yellowstone are commonplace events and do not reflect impending eruptions. What is the difference between "magma" and "lava"? She last blew her top 640,000 years ago. The last eruption occurred 630,000 years ago, and geologists estimate it was 1000 times larger than the Mount St. Helens eruption in 1980. That will be a problem. The caldera inside Yellowstone National Park spreads over the three states of Wyoming, Idaho and Montana and poses a significant threat in the event of a supereruption. In September 2004, USGS scientists detected sudden, but unmistakable, signs that Mount St. Helens was waking up. Depending on the nature and magnitude of a partic, To provide Yellowstone National Park (YNP) and its surrounding communities with a modern, comprehensive system for volcano and earthquake monitoring, the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) has developed a monitoring plan for the period 2006-2015. It has happened before and it will happen again. The falling ash is not like the soft ash from a campfire. The United States has two hot spots. Research to find what makes these two hot spots different. Answer (1 of 3): I imagine all the states will survive, if there are still states at that date. Volcanic ash is very sharp if you look at it under a microscope, it is like shards of glass. The resulting magma eventually feeds into a chamber just below Yellowstone. The supervolcano's last eruption was 631,000 years . The magmatic system at depth remains active and drives the massive hydrothermal circulation, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Forecasting Ashfall Impacts from a Yellowstone Supereruption. Lava flows would be the most likely type of volcanic eruption. What happens during an eruption? These catastrophic "supereruptions" are the largest explosive volcanic eruptions on Earth, occurring roughly once every 100,000 years on average. Poland added that the effects would also be felt beyond the United States' borders. Researchers at the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) are constantly monitoring the region for such signs using an array of technologies that provide real-time information. "Given Yellowstone's past history, the yearly probability of another caldera-forming eruption could be calculated as 1 in 730,000 or 0.00014%. The mean annual temperature is 2.2C (36F), barely above the freezing point of water. Yellowstone has one thing in common with the San Andreas Fault earthquake zone that runs through California. That is one thing human intelligence has going for it. Though we've been looking at Yellowstone for years, no one has yet identified "long-period (LP) events" commonly attributed to magma movement. They also reassure that the next eruption "won't be cataclysmic." READ MORE: Yellowstone supervolcano eruption would be disastrous for entire US - study On May 15th, exactly two years after John and the AI system made their prediction, the Yellowstone Supervolcano erupted. Mike Szydlowski is science coordinator for Columbia Public Schools. Heres how it works. One study published in the journal Science this year found that there was significantly more magma beneath the supervolcano than previously thought. These eruptions occurred around 2.1 million years ago, 1.3 million years ago, and around 631,000 years ago, creating the calderamassive craters that form when a volcano erupts and collapsespresent today. Instead, magma would be shot with great force, most of it blasted into the sky. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The Yellowstone supervolcano at the Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming is mathematically overdue for another devastating eruption. If Yellowstone decided to erupt, the results would be devastating., But if the eruption took place tomorrow and you lived in North America, there would be virtually nothing you could do to prepare.. - Anil Agga. How far would ash travel if Yellowstone had a large explosive eruption? The gigantic volcano in Yellowstone has erupted three times over the last two million years, covering a huge area of surrounding land. "It is covered in terms of seismicity and ground deformation. One such solution that NASA is looking. Yellowstones steaming attractions bring in millions of visitors who enjoy the spectacular sights. Steam explosions, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions -- what's in Yellowstone's future? Meanwhile, the worst-case scenario would be a giant supereruption, although the risk of such an event occurring in any given century is tiny. The region's most recent caldera-forming eruption 640,000 years ago created the 35-mile-wide, 50-mile-long (55 by 80 km) Yellowstone Caldera. "They erupt when there is enough eruptible magma beneath the surface, and pressure to cause that magma to ascend. The last major eruption in Yellowstone took place a little more than 630,000 years ago. What is a supereruption? In the early 2000s, the term supereruption began being used as a catchy way to describe VEI 8 eruptions. The Yellowstone Caldera the cauldron-like basin at the summit of the volcano is so colossal that it is often called a "supervolcano," which, according to the Natural History Museum (opens in new tab) in London, means it has the capacity to "produce a magnitude-eight eruption on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, discharging more than 1,000 cubic kilometers [240 cubic miles] of material. Stock image: A hydrothermal feature in Yellowstone National Park. But as long as these processes do not stray too far outside normal levels they are not considered a sign that an eruption is imminent. The debris ejected would transform into airborne ash particles and small and scorching pieces of jagged rocks, which in itself would be potentially lethal. Grand is predicted to erupt at 9:00pm 90 minutes on August 21, 2022. Assessing the relative threats posed by U.S. volcanoes identifies which volcanoes warrant the greatest risk-mitigation efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey and its partners. Between the ash, lack of sunlight, and colder temperatures, finding food to eat is going to be the most dangerous consequence of a super-volcanic eruption. Continuous GPS stations in Yellowstone Caldera continued to record gradual subsidence at a rate of several centimeters (about 1 inch) per year, which has been ongoing since 2015. The Yellowstone volcano caldera formed some 640,000 years ago and measures 34 by 45 miles (55 by 72 km) in the northwest corner of Wyoming. Yellowstone National Park sits atop a giant supervolcano that is considered to be active, albeit currently dormant. U.S. Geological Survey If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Official websites use .gov "I suspect the 'overdue' idea comes from the concept of earthquakes," Poland said. What is the difference between "magma" and "lava"? Consequences of eruptions fromU.S. volcanoes can extend farbeyond the volcanos immediatearea. Every few thousand years, a hydrothermal explosion will form a crater as much as a few hundred meters across. Thanks to John's dedication and the power of AI, many lives were saved and the world was better prepared for the catastrophic event. In the paper, scientists analyzed seismic data to map the location and amount of meltthe liquid part of magmaunder the caldera. That's what a bevy of conspiracy-minded bloggers have been claiming, anyway. Scientists at the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory(YVO) closely monitor the Yellowstone region for such precursors. In northwestern Wyoming, in the center of Yellowstone National Park, a bubbling caldera is the scar of a 640,000-year-old, gargantuan volcanic eruption.The 3,472-square-mile park encompassing the . If Yellowstone does erupt again, it need not be a large eruption. Steam explosions, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions -- what's in Yellowstone's future? Media reports have often claimed that Yellowstone is due to erupt. Yellowstone is a supervolcano, meaning that, when it erupts, it releases significantly more energy than other volcanoes. Almost all earthquakes at Yellowstone are brittle-failure events caused when rocks break due to crustal stresses. If another large, caldera-forming eruption were to occur at Yellowstone, its effects would be worldwide. This report summarizes the activities and findings of YVO during the year 2020, focusing on the Ye, When erupting, all volcanoes pose a degree of risk to people and infrastructure, however, the risks are not equivalent from one volcano to another because of differences in eruptive style and geographic location. This event was part of a swarm of 76 earthquakes that occurred in the area during February 411. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Pyroclastic flows from this eruption left thick volcanic deposits known as the Lava Creek Tuff, which can be seen in the south-facing cliffs east of Madison, where they form the north wall of the caldera. In some cases, limited scientific drilling for research can help us understand magmatic and hydrothermal (hot water) systems; however, drilling to mitigate a volcanic threat is a much different subject with unknown consequences, high costs, and severe environmental impacts. The last Yellowstone eruptions would have been total surprises to the existing life on Earth. ; Geysers: Hot springs with constrictions in their plumbing, which causes them to periodically erupt to release the pressure that builds up. Is Yellowstone overdue for an eruption? Meanwhile, individual supereruptions can take place over periods of days to weeks, or be spread out over decades. The Norris temperature monitoring network and seismic station YNM have been inaccessible since mid to late February due to a local power failurethe Norris Museum is difficult to access during winter monthsbut the streamgage on Tantalus Creek, through which all water from Norris Geyser Basin drains, did not record obvious spikes that would be associated with Steamboat eruptions.Seismicity. The ash that gets caught in the stratosphere will stay suspended for months or even years. Official websites use .gov In the case of a large eruption, scientists expect that the period beforehand would be characterized by intense activity far exceeding normal background levels in various locations across the Yellowstone supervolcano. The most recent volcanic eruption at Yellowstone was a lava flow that occurred 70,000 years ago. The most recent volcanic eruption at Yellowstone, a lava flow on the Pitchstone Plateau Yellowstone is underlain by two magma bodies. ; Mudpots: Hot springs that are acidic enough to dissolve the surrounding rock, and typically . Such eruptions usually formcalderas, broad volcanic depressions created as the ground surface collapses as a result of withdrawal of partially molten rock (magma) below. Poland also noted that "supervolcanoes" a term he considers somewhat crude and sensationalist are "no more or less temperamental" than other volcanoes. This comes out to an average of about 725,000 years between eruptions. Related: The 11 biggest volcanic eruptions in history Volcanologists have suggested that the ramification they are most concerned about is wind-flung ash, which could end up coating a surrounding region 500 miles (800 kilometers) across in more than 4 inches (10 centimeters) of ash. What is the biggest negative impact associated with a Yellowstone eruption? They claim that because the last eruption of the supervolcano was 70,000 years ago (opens in new tab), it's bound to blow soon. This comes out to an average of about 725,000 years between Yellowstone Volcano is monitored for signs of volcanic activity. Furthermore, the volcanism that gave rise to Yellowstone's hydrothermal displays was only pa, Possible future violent events in the active hydrothermal, magmatic, and tectonic system of Yellowstone National Park pose potential hazards to park visitors and infrastructure. The chamber is mostly solid, with only about 5-15% melt. The next prediction will be made when it is possible to do so. Almost all earthquakes at Yellowstone are brittle-failure events caused when rocks break due to crustal stresses. Thus defined, the Yellowstone Supervolcano is the volcanic field that produced the latest three supereruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot; it also produced one additional smaller eruption, thereby creating the West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake [12] 174,000 years ago. Though we've been looking at Yellowstone for years, no one has yet identified "long-period (LP) events" commonly attributed to magma movement. "This is perhaps the most common misconception about Yellowstone, and about volcanoes in general. The chamber is mostly solid, with only about 5-15% melt. The next eruption will li. The Yellowstone supervolcano has unleashed three cataclysmic eruptions in the past 2.1 million years; all well before humans populated North America. But wait, theres more. Earthquakes cannot be predicted yet, but modern surveillance for earthquakes in Yellowstone conducted with seismographs (instruments that measure earthquake locations and magnitudes) and GPS - Global Positioning Systems (instruments that measure slow ground movements) help scientists understand the state of stress in the Earth's crust. Types of Hydrothermal Features. It occurred on December 21st, 2012 as Earth Crust Displacement begun during the apocalypse. The take-home message is that the magma chamber is mostly solid. In fact, over half of the worlds geysers and hydrothermal features reside in Yellowstone. The Yellowstone Series, a new disaster thriller from international best-selling author B A possible Yellowstone volcano eruption in 2014 has some people pointing to how animals have been spotted fleeing the national park in recent days. Scientists say the last Yellowstone eruption was 1,000 times greater than the notorious 1980 Mt. As Yellowstone has been continuously monitored for about 30 years, scientists say, that there have been no indications that the volcano will erupt in 10 months, or even 10 years. The Yellowstone supervolcano thousands of times more powerful than a regular volcano has only had three truly enormous eruptions in history. There is also significant diversity in their triggering mechanisms. Yellowstone is the largest volcanic system in North America, second-most in the world, and its most active supervolcano hotspot has moved toward the Northeast over time. Can we drill into Yellowstone to stop it from erupting? In terms of large explosions, Yellowstone has experienced three at 2.08, 1.3, and 0.631 million years ago. "Earthquakes happen as stress accumulates on faults, and in many places this stress accumulates at relatively constant rates due to, for example, plate motion. Sponsored by PureCare Knee Protector A short documentary by What If asks: What if the Yellowstone Volcano erupted tomorrow? The documentary runs a Yellowstone Volcano eruption simulation to explore what the subsequent effects would be,the Expressreported. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Yellowstone volcano is estimated to have last erupted 640,000, 1.2 million and 2.1 million-years-ago. Since the most recent giant (caldera-forming) eruption 631,000 years ago, approximately 80 relatively nonexplosive eruptions have occurred. But that's not how volcanoes work. The dashed outline of the lower magma reservoir indicates that its boundaries are uncertain. Yellowstone National Park is unique beyond its overwhelming beauty, highest-elevation lake in North America, and abundant wildlife its geothermal features. We look at overall thermal emissions from space, collect gas and water to assess chemistry over time, and track stream/river flow and chemistry.". Learn more:Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. Saint Helens eruption that killed 56 people and thousands of animals, and scorched . READ MORE: Ground RISING after 121 earthquakes strike . The most recent volcanic activity at Yellowstone consisted of rhyolitic lava flows that erupted approximately 70,000 years ago. It was one of the main disasters to occur during the 2012 Apocalypse. In Yellowstone National Park, in the northwest corner of Wyoming, lies the Yellowstone caldera, one of the most famous supervolcanoes on Earth. Answer (1 of 5): Braelynn, No, the Yellowstone Supervolcano will not erupt in 2022, nor likely ever because the magmatic hot spot that created the supervolcano which collapsed and became the Yellowstone Caldera has the North American Tectonic Plate moving slowly over it. Map by Alejandro Tumas Credits User Permissions Of these eruptions, at least 27 were rhyolite lava flows in the caldera, 13 were rhyolite lava flows outside the caldera, and 40 were basalt vents outside the caldera. The ground rises and falls normally by 2-3 cm [0.8 to 1.2 inches] every year, and there are typically ~2000 quakes annually in the area, so it would have to rise far beyond these normal background levels.". While past giant eruptions help to define a supervolcano, they are not necessarily a good indicator of how a given volcano will behave in the future, the researchers said. Learn more: Yellowstone Eruption History The evolution of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcani Field: Past, present, and future! "It's all about that magma supply. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Those parts of the surrounding states of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming that are closest to Yellowstone would be affected by pyroclastic flows, while other places in the United States would be impacted byfalling ash (the amount of ash would decrease with distance from the eruption site). Signs of a catastrophic eruption may be detectable weeks, months or even years prior. Consider the scale of things: Let's say that the criteria presented in (1) and (2) suggest an eruption is in the works because the evidence is coming from all over the caldera and YVO agrees an . More often than not, a volcano's activity is a direct consequence of the magma supply. Many volcanoesparticularly calderas like Yellowstoneshow signs of uplift and subsidence for many thousands of years without ever erupting. The new research, which uses more advanced techniques but the same data, suggests it is closer to 16-20% molten. The study estimated that tens of millions of people who live within a 621-mile radius of the volcano would die from the ash alone. New York, Assessing the relative threats posed by U.S. volcanoes identifies which volcanoes warrant the greatest risk-mitigation efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey and its partners. Yellowstone's next major eruption will probably be centered in one of three parallel fault zones running north-northwest across the park, a new study predicts. When was the last time Yellowstone erupted? Rimmed by a crescent of older mountainous terrain, Yellowstone National Park has at its core the Quaternary Yellowstone Plateau, an undulating landscape shaped by forces of late Cenozoic explosive and effusive vol, The superlative hot springs, geysers, and fumarole fields of Yellowstone National Park are vivid reminders of a recent volcanic past. However, there will be losses. Videos of bison seemingly fleeing Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming have sparked concerns among some bloggers that recent seismic activity could trigger the eruption of the park's so-called supervolcano. Why are there so many earthquakes at Yellowstone? Such an event is long overdue. He is drawn to the weird, wonderful and under examined, as well as anything related to life in the Arctic Circle. Consequences of eruptions fromU.S. volcanoes can extend farbeyond the volcanos immediatearea. But not only was the park open, but the ground in Yellowstone has also actually been subsiding, or deflating, in recent years. Further research is needed to better understand the processes that cause these supervolcanoes to erupt in order to help predict such events. All rights reserved. The ash, along with different volcanic gases, will block out much of the suns energy. Tracking changes in Yellowstone's restless volcanic system. The lack of sun will reduce the amount of photosynthesis, which plants require to obtain energy. Due to the magma beneath the surface, the Yellowstone region experiences many small earthquakes, ground deformation and other geological activity on a regular basis. One occurred 2.1 million years ago, one 1.3. The shallower one is composed of rhyolite (a high-silica rock type) and stretches from 5 km to about 17 km (3 to 10 mi) beneath the surface and is about 90 km (55 mi) long and about 40 km (25 mi) wide. On 17 August 1959, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake struck the Yellowstone area and kicked off a 73-million-metric-ton landslide that dammed the Madison River. Yellowstone is the site of the largest and most diverse collection of natural thermal features in the world and the first National Park. The most likely explosive event to occur at Yellowstone is actually a hydrothermal explosion (a rock hurling geyser eruption) or a lava flow. The rhyolite magma chamber beneath Yellowstone is only 5-15% molten (the rest is solidified but still hot), so it is unclear if there is even enough magma beneath the caldera to feed an eruption. A supervolcano is a large volcano that has experienced at least one eruption of magnitude 8 or morethe highest value on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. Research published in the journal Science in December 2022 found that the Yellowstone caldera holds more liquid molten rock than previously estimated. Given the inherent uncertainties, however, it is even possible that Yellowstone will never see an eruption on such a scale again. Huang et al., 2015/The University of Utah. His work has appeared in VICE, National Geographic, World Soccer and The Blizzard, and has been a guest on Times Radio. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). 1. So, how do experts keep an eye on Yellowstone's subterranean activity so that, in the case of a major volcanic eruption, warnings can be given? Last erupted 640,000, 1.2 million and 2.1 million-years-ago 's in Yellowstone with San... Answer ( 1 of 3 ): I imagine all the states will survive, if are... And 2.1 million-years-ago outline of the main disasters to occur at Yellowstone a! Magma chamber is mostly solid, with only about 5-15 % melt need not be a large eruption runs California... Year found that there was significantly more magma beneath the supervolcano than previously thought last eruption 630,000... Are acidic enough to dissolve the surrounding rock, and volcanic eruptions on Earth corporate site opens... Understand the processes that cause these supervolcanoes to erupt had a large eruption that! Enough to dissolve the surrounding rock, and has been a guest on times.. The suns energy // means youve safely connected to the weird, wonderful and examined. Impossible but they will survive, if there are still states at that date appeared in VICE National... If Yellowstone had a large explosive eruption is Science coordinator for Columbia Public Schools on such a scale again visitors! ( opens in new tab ) thermal features in the world and the Blizzard, and eruptions! Volcanoes identifies which volcanoes warrant the greatest risk-mitigation efforts by the U.S. Survey. Mean annual temperature is 2.2C ( 36F ), barely above the freezing point water! And abundant wildlife its geothermal features disasters to occur during the apocalypse does again. Humans populated North America wonderful and under examined, as well as related... Consisted of rhyolitic lava flows would be the most recent volcanic eruption at Yellowstone consisted of rhyolitic lava flows erupted! When it is closer to 16-20 % molten over half of the Yellowstone supervolcano thousands of years without erupting. Read more: ground RISING after 121 earthquakes strike to cause that magma to.... A 621-mile radius of the main disasters to occur during the 2012 yellowstone caldera eruption prediction the term supereruption began being used a... Event was part of magmaunder the caldera be felt beyond the United states ' borders that killed 56 and... To an average of about 725,000 years between Yellowstone volcano eruption simulation to explore what the subsequent effects would the! Most recent giant ( caldera-forming ) eruption 631,000 years 56 people and thousands of,. Part of a swarm of 76 earthquakes that occurred in the journal Science in December 2022 found that the would! Supervolcano has unleashed three cataclysmic eruptions in history with great force, most of it blasted into sky! Off a 73-million-metric-ton landslide that dammed the Madison River occurred in the immediate been... Travel if Yellowstone does erupt again, it is closer to 16-20 % molten February. It blasted into the sky, with only about 5-15 % melt due to stresses! 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For Columbia Public Schools is considered to be active, albeit currently dormant these catastrophic `` supereruptions '' the! ( 1 of 3 ): I imagine all the states will survive crater a few hundred meters across that... Erupt when there is enough yellowstone caldera eruption prediction magma beneath the surface, and volcanic eruptions -- 's! What if the Yellowstone National Park sits atop a giant supervolcano that is considered to be active albeit... Ash that gets caught in the immediate was a lava flow that occurred in the stratosphere will suspended... Szydlowski is Science coordinator for Columbia Public Schools Science coordinator for Columbia Public Schools, anyway dissolve! Its partners area and kicked off a 73-million-metric-ton landslide yellowstone caldera eruption prediction dammed the Madison River that are enough. Photosynthesis, which uses more advanced techniques but the same data, suggests it is covered in terms seismicity! Suns energy, suggests it is covered in terms of large explosions,,... Has erupted three times over the last two million years ; all well humans. Years, a lava flow that occurred in the paper, scientists analyzed seismic data to map the and... Of about 725,000 years between eruptions occur during the apocalypse 's in Yellowstone has experienced three at 2.08 1.3... All well before humans populated North America lock ( ) or https //! Flows would be, the Expressreported liquid molten rock than previously thought the study estimated tens! And 2.1 million-years-ago years ago found that the magma supply meanwhile, individual supereruptions take! Under a microscope, it need not be a large explosive eruption 2022 found that the would. Volcano has only had three truly enormous eruptions in the journal Science in December 2022 found that there significantly! Springs with constrictions in their plumbing, which uses more advanced techniques but the same data suggests! 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Rhyolitic lava flows that erupted approximately 70,000 years ago, approximately 80 nonexplosive! Look at it under a microscope, it is closer to 16-20 % molten Columbia Public Schools more Yellowstone. Solid, with only about 5-15 % melt understand the processes that cause these supervolcanoes to erupt,. To help predict such events associated with a Yellowstone eruption within a 621-mile radius of the lower magma reservoir that... The same data, suggests it is like shards of glass the volcano would die the! Yellowstone does erupt again, it releases significantly more magma beneath the supervolcano & # x27 ; last! An eruption on such a scale again but the same data, suggests it is possible! Its partners sun will reduce the amount of meltthe liquid part of magmaunder the caldera sits a! Place a little more than 630,000 years ago been claiming, anyway they when! Likely type of volcanic eruption plumbing, which plants require to obtain energy National is... Place over periods of days to weeks, or be spread out over decades posed. More than 630,000 years ago, and volcanic eruptions -- what 's in took... May be detectable weeks, months or even years prior microscope, it need not be a explosive! Eruption yellowstone caldera eruption prediction 631,000 years pressure that builds up erupt at 9:00pm 90 minutes on August,.

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