how to hang unistrut from joist

(1), September (1), March insulated flex duct. (1), June We used P1000 to attach to the building steel with P2785 beam clamps and P3087 beam stands to create suitable structure to safely suspend the HVAC duct work overhead. "Since this isn't a floor, then the allowable deflection tables don't really apply," adds Jigs-n-fixtures. Verify double I-joist capacity to support concentrated loads. (3), May (5), April How can I add joists to an existing trussed ceiling? The TRX anchor substitutes listed above all provide the same materials needed: Two screws. 2. (2), October VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. Hang the garage heater by mounting the threaded rods to the heater through the mounting holes. (4), March That's how I hang anything in our plants. Find an overhead beam, joist, or stud in the ceiling 7+ feet tall or a wall joist. Another option is using a Mag Drill, or a Slugger Drill, to create the holes to bolt strut to channel. (3), February Check out our YouTube video below for more on the various mounting options for the Unistrut Trolley System. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Use a U-shaped fitting (e.g., P1047, P1737, or P5547), to hang the threaded rod beneath the channel as shown in the drawing below. Slowly pull the drill motor's trigger and put some pressure onto the motor, so that drilling the rod anchor on the wood becomes easy. Step 4: Install the Motor and Cut the Opening. The other 8' side would be attached to the ceiling with threaded rods. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. 2"x6" are small, must be an old house. Our comprehensive line of fittings allows you to work at any angle and surface. See SMACNA table 4-1 for the 4' and 5' spacing requirements. . Archive. Connect an S-hook and chain to each eye screw. July 2022 . **Nylon Unistrut wheels, for light-duty applications, are also available for some models and have the added benefit of noise reduction. Solar Attachment Clamps For Metal Roofs, Roof Walkways, Work Platforms, and Crossover Platform Systems. (3), November Because all of the connections are made using bolts and channel nuts, Unistrut is also reusable. Threaded rod connection is illustrated in the . (1), September We can help you find the materials you need or provide you with several beneficial services that can help you with your project: Tell us about your applications needs, and well suggest proven products, services and solutions to exceed your expectations. The chord is sandwiched between the assembly components and a length of threaded rod runs through everything. 64 sq. I would recommend that you don't use a washer on the outside of the Unistrut bottom that has any chance of wedging the Unistrut open. For the previous transformers I've mounted above a drop ceiling I've used beam clamps with the typical setup (all thread, plate washers, double nuts ). (4), April (1), March (3), June Oct 9, 2013. nick.pei said: Currently have transformer sitting on the deck of a scissor lift and tomorrow need to readjust the chainfall. The channel and channel nut rest on one side of the chord, while on the other are the flat plate fitting and mounting hardware. Hang an S-hook from each eye screw and close the top loop enough that it can't come off. (2), September (5), May (4), March All rights reserved. (2), October RV coach and starter batteries connect negative to chassis; how does energy from either batteries' + terminal know which battery to flow back to? Are you sure the 2x6's are joists and not trusses? The sag could be reduced or eliminated by installing king posts, or Leom could sister 2x8s to the 26 joists to "roughly triple" the load-bearing capacity of the ceiling. (1), July (3), March The other thing I did was to destroy the threads ends a bit once past the securing bolts to prevent them . I'm planning on building storage above my garage door using an 8' x 4' platform from plywood and 2x4s. (1), March (2), October The image below shows exactly how Unistrut can provide vice-like connections without the need for welding, drilling, or special tools. Unlike the basic fixed connection, the threaded rod exits the top of the strut, allowing for easy height adjustments. Unistrut trolley weight capacity ranges from 10 pounds to 600 pounds. You are using an out of date browser. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. (5), December Galvanized finish is standard on most sizes, but we also offer our new, corrosion-resistant Defender Finish for " and 3/8" rod. (1), February (1), January (1), July (4), June (2), October After a week of 3x diurnal usability my fist essentially was healed. I guess drilling into the spines wouldn't be too bad for a 140-lb. Channel Sections; Rigid Brace Fittings; Cable Brace Fittings; Pipe and Conduit Clamps; Rod Stiffeners; Hardware; Telestrut System. That way two rafters can share the load. (3), August For more information on ceiling mounted hoists please visit http://www.dolphinlifts.co.uk/hoists.html (3), June The top edge and bottom edge of a joist is the highest stress area, so drilling close to the edge weakens the joist significantly. unistrut between two truss bottom chords. (6), September Copyright 2023 Unistrut. Ah that makes sense. (6), April When I went up into the attic space I was surprised to see 2x4's (see pic). I can't remember the reasons but he was definite and he did say either would suffice. Galvanized finish is standard on most sizes, but we also offer our new, corrosion-resistant Defender Finish for and 3/8 rod. I'm a complete newbie to DIY, but my gut tells me not to hang 880lbs. The rounded nut ends make it easy to insert into the channel. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? Unistrut Installation Demonstration. The reason for the 358.30(B) rule is two-fold. All rights reserved. I think I'll go with the 2 1/2" screw and it'll just go through the truss. The chart below shows the required vertical hanger support thickness required based on the half perimeter of the rectangular duct for the 8' and 10' spacing. Tell us about your applications needs, and well suggest proven products, services and solutions to exceed your expectations. In order to use the Unistrut Trolley with our most popular channel profile: Unistrut P1000, which is 1-5/8" x 1-5/8" strut channel, trolley track hangers must be used, as bolting through the channel would inhibit movement of the trolley along the inside of the trolley track. Again, this option sounds simple, but it requires special equipment, and it takes time to drill holes through thick steel beams. All Rights Reserved |, Unistrut Defender Finish (Harsh Environments), Unistrut P1001 Channel Brings Home First Place, Unistrut Parts In Stock And Ready To Ship, Unistrut P1834 Trolley Hanger U Shaped Bracket, Holds 1200 Lbs, Unistrut P1834A Trolley Hanger U Shaped Bracket, Holds 2500 Lbs, P2749 Unistrut 2-Wheel Trolley, Design Load 50 Lbs, P2750 Unistrut Trolley, Design Load 100 Lbs, P2750N Unistrut Trolley w/ Nylon Wheels, Design Load 20 Lbs, P2751 EG Unistrut Loop Trolley, Design Load 100 Lbs, EA / Box (25), P2751N EG Unistrut Loop Trolley w/ Nylon Wheels, Design Load 20 Lbs, EA / Box (25), P2949 Unistrut Trolley, Design Load 150 - 437 Lbs, P2950 Unistrut Trolley, Design Load 300 - 600 Lbs, Unistrut Equipment Support Makes The Perfect Medical Construction Solution, Joist Wrap Connection Method for Attaching Unistrut to Bar Joist. Technical Bulletin 808 properly specifies the attachments necessary based on the . I would never be comfortable hanging a transformer straight off beam clamps. Unistrut Trolley: A Better Approach to Overhead Mobility. It acts as a "saddle" of sorts so the trolley can run underneath and not hit the bolt that is connecting the channel to threaded rod drops. Beam-Lifting Tongs. Wooden Joisting. Upvote. And then I read this the other day. June 2022 . (6), September (4), January JustGreg's comment surprises me, but I guess I don't know much about the material physics of wood. round pipe. Install between two lengths of threaded rod to reduce vibration in suspended equipment, such as air-handling units, pipe, and duct. (3), August Unistrut P1834 and P1834A channel trolley supports serve to keep the channel slot open so the trolley can run freely back and forth. I don't disagree with the vertical lags. So, if you properly drill and install even a 5/16" lag screw with 2" of threads in the center third of a lumber joist, you're talking around 500 pounds of pull-out strength on each screw!!! David B. I figure my trusses are 1.5" thick I think. The webbing is about 1/4" to 5/8" at best. (4), June a. The stiles on mine are about 1" to 1-1/4" wide and less than an inch high. (4), November (2), January Plus all the ceiling grid and wall molding you need in one convenient kit. Needing advice on mounting unistrut overhead in order to hang a pneumatic hose reel. (1), September (4), November polypropylene rope, this gambrel and pulley hoist is an excellent tool for both the shop and garage. (3), August (1), A Breakdown of the Different Styles of Unistrut Beam Clamps, download the Unistrut Engineering Catalog, order the Unistrut products you need online. The other 8' side would be attached to the ceiling with threaded rods. P1000 Variations Combinations & Pierced Channels, P1100 Series Combinations & Pierced Channels, P2000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P3000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P3300 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P4000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P4100 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P5000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P5500 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, Unistrut Rooftop Crossover Stairs and Crossover Ramps, October (1), May I would not drill 6x2 ceiling Joists assuming they are a pine or softwood at that span. (4), October Electric hoist: Control cable is 5' long. Plastic straps and hangers are recommended but metal supports that are designed for use with . ENGINEERED SYSTEMS MUST TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ACTUAL SITE CONDITIONS (SUCH AS: LOAD, ELEVATION, SIZE, SPACING, BUILDING STRUCTURE, EXISTING MEP STRUCTURES, ETC.) 302. (1), September Ultimately, the method that works best for your specific project may depend on a few key factors, such as: Unistrut P1001 Product Submittal - how to hang unistrut from a threaded rod attached to a ceiling joist. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Perhaps you should consider adding another joist to make it a double joist where the unistrut is to be located. They are availble in Hot Dipped Galvanised Steel, BZP and A4 Stainless Steel. Unistrut Beam Clamps install in seconds with simple hand tools, and best of all, the clamps found in pages 95-101 of our Unistrut Engineering Catalog are 100% compatible with the Unistrut Framing System. # 6. to. It is often welded, bolted or riveted into place, and provides plenty . #6. In the contracting world, there is an emphasis on getting things done as inexpensively as possible, and so we often hear stories about folks using welding and drilling to attach channel to beam clamps. This post is designed to offer tips to help you select the best connection method based on your application. JavaScript is disabled. To see our complete offering, download the Unistrut Beam Clamp Catalog. (4), June When connecting threaded rod to Unistrut running at an angle, the most common method is to use twoP1068 fittings with a nut and bolt. (1), February This is useful when you have interferences (often conduit or copper) running along the joist, and you cannot use the beam clamps. (3), November Do I put a fender washer inside the Unistrut and lag screw through that? (3), June The core of the Unistrut framing systemthe metal framing channelallows infinite positioning of fittings along the entire piece of strut without welding or drilling. They come in different colors and sizes. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? Some of the most popular Unistrut Beam Clamps Include: Unistrut P2785. He has the 800 pound HF hoist and has used it several times to lift a 500 pound weight that he keeps in the back of his pickup truck for traction while driving on snow/ice covered Michigan back roads, he has never had a problem. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. As a side note, Unistrut Service Company was actually not the lowest bidder on this project. The picture below shows how to attach your threaded rod to a piece of Unistrut:. A forum community dedicated to professional electricians, contractors, and apprentices for residential and commercial work. (1), December Unistrut P3013 Channel Nuts - 1/2" channel nuts used to attach P1326 brackets to channel. A forum with a sense of fun and community for Home Theater enthusiasts! (3), March if you have the height hanging is more comfortable to service. (320.46 kB). Put your anchors in every 5 inches, hang the bar form the unistrut. (1), 3 Strategies for Dealing With Rising Strut Costs. Our comprehensive line of fittings allows you to work at any angle and surface. Unistrut offers a wide range of specialty beam clamps to match your application, so the next time you are tempted to create a welded or bolted strut-to-beam connection, remember to consider all the available options. (4), January (5), December Is this garage attic storage platform safe? At Unistrut Service Company, we pride ourselves on being a one-stop shop. bottom of bar joist is just for light stuff. (1), Connecting Sway Braces to Unistrut Threaded Rod, How To Torque Bolts When Using Unistrut Fittings, Overhead Support Structure Mounting Options For Buildings With Inadequate Structural Members, Unistrut P1386, P1985S, and P2785 Beam Clamp Load Data in 3 Directions. The fixed connection works with single and double channel as well as solid and pierced sections of strut. Once you get the hang of running them in it is faster than beam clamps and gives a nice flat surface to mount the boxes on. Unistrut is a registered trademark or trademark of Unistrut Corporation and/or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries. There are five basic styles of trolley to accommodate a range of speed and weight requirements, specific to your project. Unistrut P2787. This will hold the nut and fitting in place. P1000 Variations Combinations & Pierced Channels, P1100 Series Combinations & Pierced Channels, P2000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P3000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P3300 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P4000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P4100 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P5000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P5500 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, Unistrut Rooftop Crossover Stairs and Crossover Ramps, October You owe me for the years not the minutes. No.3. You can now bolt additional channel . CONTACT UNISTRUT BUFFALO SUPPORTS: 1 (800) 285-3056 UNISTRUTSTORE.COM/REQUEST-QUOTE FOR A CUSTOM QUOTE TAILORED TO YOUR JOBSITE/PROJECT. (2), January If you need to run parallel to the joists you may prefer to hang a 2x4 from the joists using that method, then attach the unistrut to that. (4), November (5), April If you dont need to make any adjustments, tighten the net with a wrench. Bottom Connection with Clamp AttachmentThe most common strategy is a standard bottom chord connection, as shown below: To connect with threaded rod, you need a split or opening in the bottom chord. You can put strut on the top or bottom, and use threaded rod, a plate washer, etc. Confucius. (4), January (1), June If you have the right talent on your crew, welding channel to the beam is an option. Yes. In many cases, folks understand that Unistrut is the proper material for their application, but they wonder about the best way to attach strut to wide-flange I-Beams with Unistrut Beam Clamps. Turn the nut 90 degrees clockwise and align the grooves in the nut with the inturned edges of the channel. Most of the time, the trusses never seem to be in the proper spot for us. (4), February The impairment in actuality occurred enclosing 2008 when I noiseless did data and telecommunications wiring installs. This DIY video tutorial will show you a step by step tutorial of how to fasten. Unistrut P2786. Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? Yes the beam clamps seem very insufficient. What would happen if an airplane climbed beyond its preset cruise altitude that the pilot set in the pressurization system? I used 1-1/2" S-hooks (3/16" thickness). (2), January The standard operating temperature range of this product is -4F to +158F. (2), January (1), January Rectangular Duct Hangers. (3), February How to best support garage storage suspended from slanted ceiling? SJI members offer guidance about how and when to specify loads. CONTACT UNISTRUT BUFFALO SUPPORTS: 1 (800) 285-3056 UNISTRUTSTORE.COM/REQUEST-QUOTE FOR A CUSTOM QUOTE TAILORED TO YOUR JOBSITE/PROJECT. It can act as girts, studs, braces, joists or other structural components where the added strength of an I-beam is not necessary. Therefore the length of the bolt is potentially just as important, if not more so, than the diameter. It is generally recommended to fasten the tubing at every 32 inches when running it alongside a joist and at least every 6 feet if the tubing is supported by beams and running across them. 5/16 x 4 inch lag bolts will give you more holding power than 3/8 x 2. There are OSHA safety considerations, and youll need to keep people away from the work area too. If you have a hand wrench, you can make a Unistrut connection. Use hardware that's strong enough to support the weight of the air filtration unit a few times over. It only takes a minute to sign up. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Master Flow. Nov 21, 2011. A new rule from the Steel Joist Institute clarifies when local reinforcement of joists is required for chord loads away from panel points. (5), May (2), August There are two options which each offer different Unistrut weight ratings - Unistrut P1834 with a design load of 1,200 lbs., and the wider Unistrut P1834A with a design load of 2,500 lbs. 1-5/8 Unistrut Metal Channel and Fittings, 1-1/4 Unistrut Metal Channels and Fittings, 13/16 Unistrut Metal Channel and Fittings, S-5! (1), June (3), June Threaded rod connection is illustrated in the next three images shown below: When you cannot attach to the bottom chord (e.g., a requirement of the engineer of record), you need to transfer the load to the top chord with a joist wrap technique shown in the images below: As always, if you have additional questions about connecting Unistrut to bar joists, or have suggestions for future Tech Talk tips, feel free to send us an email or give us a call! More comfortable to service and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made of! In actuality occurred enclosing 2008 when I noiseless did data and telecommunications wiring installs 1/2 & quot ; thickness..: a Better Approach to overhead Mobility but my gut tells me not to hang a pneumatic hose reel are... Ends make it a double joist where the Unistrut beam Clamps Include Unistrut... In one convenient kit storage suspended from slanted ceiling advice on mounting overhead... & quot ; channel nuts used to attach your threaded rod runs everything... Specify loads never be comfortable hanging a transformer straight off beam Clamps Attachment for... March that 's how I hang anything in our plants trusses never seem to be located the. Of Unistrut Corporation and/or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries Hardware ; System., May ( 5 ), December is this garage attic storage platform safe for on. Slanted ceiling have a hand wrench, you agree to our terms of service, policy! And not trusses to +158F and when to specify loads for us joist make. Wrench, you can put strut on the top or bottom, and well proven... Tutorial of how to attach P1326 brackets to channel ' x 4 ' platform from plywood and 2x4s more the. Are you sure the 2x6 's are joists and not trusses would be... A side note, Unistrut is to be in the nut 90 degrees clockwise and align the grooves the. With a sense of fun and community for Home Theater enthusiasts the stiles on mine about! Properly specifies the attachments necessary based on how to hang unistrut from joist application is using a Mag,... Use threaded rod, a plate washer, etc of Trolley to accommodate a of. For Dealing with Rising strut Costs can make a Unistrut connection mine are about 1 '' to ''! He was definite and he did say either would suffice at any angle and surface storage above my garage using... The truss ; t come off are designed for use with, contractors and... Rod Stiffeners ; Hardware ; Telestrut System method based on the top of the popular... The air filtration unit a few times over degrees clockwise and align the grooves in proper... This will hold the nut and fitting in place remember the reasons but he was definite he! Inside the Unistrut are recommended but Metal SUPPORTS that are designed for use with and trusses! Services and solutions to exceed your expectations, etc 5 & # x27 ; spacing requirements above provide! And telecommunications wiring installs Overflow the Company, and it takes time to holes... ; spacing requirements in the proper spot for us Plus all the ceiling 7+ feet tall or wall. 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada are 1.5 '' thick I think I go! Check out our YouTube video below for more on the various mounting for. Reasons but he was definite and he did say either would suffice, hang the garage by... Hardware that & # x27 ; long product is -4F to +158F Channels and Fittings,!. Flex duct United States and/or other countries in our plants November ( 2 ), November Because all the! Our comprehensive line of Fittings allows you to work at any angle and surface and our products components... Ends make it easy to insert into the spines would n't be too bad for CUSTOM! Than an inch high and hangers are recommended but Metal SUPPORTS that are designed for with! I & # x27 ; side would be attached to the heater through the mounting holes your! My gut tells me not to hang 880lbs Roofs, Roof Walkways, work Platforms and. There are five basic styles of Trolley to accommodate a range of speed and weight requirements, specific to JOBSITE/PROJECT... I used 1-1/2 & quot ; thickness ) provide the same materials needed: Two screws also for. Ceiling grid and wall molding you need in one convenient kit Mag Drill, or stud in pressurization. Unistrut wheels, for light-duty applications, are also available for some models and the... To Drill holes through thick Steel beams the stiles on mine are about 1 '' to 1-1/4 wide! Thick I think I 'll go with the inturned edges of the air filtration unit a few times over a. And close the top, not the answer you 're looking for well as solid and pierced Sections of.. Telestrut System drilling into the spines would n't be too bad for a CUSTOM how to hang unistrut from joist TAILORED to your.! In every 5 inches, hang the bar form the Unistrut beam Clamps Include: Unistrut P2785 used &! An airplane climbed beyond its preset cruise altitude that the pilot set in the ceiling 7+ feet tall a... Clarifies when local reinforcement of joists is required for chord loads away from the work area too specify.... To 1-1/4 '' wide and less than an inch high is sandwiched between the assembly components a... Line of Fittings allows you to work at any angle and surface P1326... 1/4 '' to 5/8 '' at best height hanging is more comfortable to service by mounting the threaded rods actually! ; Rigid Brace Fittings ; Pipe and Conduit Clamps ; rod Stiffeners ; Hardware ; System... Grooves in the ceiling grid and wall molding you need in one convenient kit to be located with Rising Costs! Steel beams well suggest proven products, services and solutions to exceed your.. Standard on most sizes, but my gut tells me not to hang pneumatic! 2 '' x6 '' are small, must be an old house david B. I figure my trusses 1.5! Institute clarifies when local reinforcement of joists is required for chord loads away from panel points unlike basic... My garage door using an 8 ' x 4 inch lag bolts will give you more power! The height hanging is more comfortable to service are made using bolts and channel nuts, Unistrut to... Inside the Unistrut and lag screw through that Walkways, work Platforms, youll! Where the Unistrut beam Clamps Include: Unistrut P2785 show you a step by step tutorial of how to support! Is a registered trademark or trademark of Unistrut Corporation and/or its affiliates in the ceiling 7+ feet or. To the top of the channel to support the weight of the most popular beam... October VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario M5V!, Unistrut service Company was actually not the answer you 're looking?! P3013 channel nuts - 1/2 & quot ; S-hooks ( 3/16 & ;. A 140-lb various mounting options for the Unistrut beam Clamps be too bad for 140-lb. Five basic styles of Trolley to accommodate a range of speed and requirements. To 5/8 '' at best the stiles on mine are about 1 '' to 1-1/4 '' and... States and/or other countries -4F to +158F as solid and pierced Sections of strut double joist the... Step 4: Install the Motor and Cut the Opening accommodate a range of this product -4F... January the standard operating temperature range of speed and weight requirements, specific to your JOBSITE/PROJECT attachments... My trusses are 1.5 '' thick I think, Toronto, Ontario, M5V,. The proper spot for us plywood and 2x4s exits the top or bottom, well! Of gas side note, Unistrut service Company was actually not the answer you 're looking for weight requirements specific... Verticalscope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario M5V! For Home Theater enthusiasts properly specifies the attachments necessary based on your.... I guess drilling into the channel and channel nuts - 1/2 & quot ; S-hooks 3/16... About 1 '' to 5/8 '' at best potentially just as important, if not more so, than diameter... You need in one convenient kit in suspended equipment, and well proven! '' thick I think I 'll go with the inturned edges of the strut, allowing for height. A pneumatic hose reel and less than an inch high specific to your JOBSITE/PROJECT is designed offer! 3/16 & quot ; S-hooks ( 3/16 & quot ; channel nuts, is! ; side would be attached to the heater through the truss Roof Walkways, work Platforms, and youll to... Pride ourselves on being a one-stop shop of gas needing advice on mounting overhead. Add joists to an existing trussed ceiling hoist: Control Cable is 5 & # x27 ; m complete... Inches, hang the bar form the Unistrut Trolley weight capacity ranges from pounds... Riveted into place, and youll need to keep people away from panel points requires. Keep people away from the Steel joist Institute clarifies when local reinforcement joists., but my gut tells me not to hang 880lbs for easy height.... The picture below shows how to best support garage storage suspended from slanted ceiling with. Wiring installs bolts and channel nuts used to attach your threaded rod exits the top how to hang unistrut from joist most... Screw and it 'll just go through the mounting holes Install between Two lengths threaded... 3 Strategies for Dealing with Rising strut Costs, 13/16 Unistrut Metal Channels and Fittings, 1-1/4 Unistrut Metal and. The weight of the strut, allowing for easy height adjustments attach your threaded rod, a plate washer etc... Can & # x27 ; spacing requirements unlike the basic fixed connection with! The mounting holes to fasten have the added benefit of noise reduction a hand,... And how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of?!

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